BIOL 065 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Astley Cooper, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Sickle-Cell Disease
30 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
History of Anatomy
Hippocrates - Father of Medicine / Oath to do no harm
Acute = short duration
Chronic disease illness = long duration, fatal
Epidemic = spread across country
Sporadic = sparse of disease here and there
Aristotle live after Hippocrates
Heart = Center of Anatomy, center of a man’s soul & intelligence
cooling the temperature of blood
Think that arteries contains air
Women have fewer teeth than men
Men have 1 less rib (idea from bible)
Men & Women have 24 ribs, 12 pairs
Michelangelo & DaVinci - Italian Artists
Galen - Father of Anatomy
Vesalius - Father of Modern Anatomy
William Harvey - Circulation
John hunter - Museum
William Burke / William Hare - Body Snatchers
Sir Astley Cooper - Breast Ligaments
Henry Gray - Gray’s Anatomy Textbook
John Grant
Willed Body Program
Illness was blame for (Ghost, Spirits, Demons) in Ancient Times
Improper to dissect the human body back then
4 elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air
4 conditions: hot, cold, wet, dry
4 humors: fluid, blood, flam (mucus, dead bacteria)
Medieval Time (Galen)
Liver = Soul in Ancient Time
Nose above the eyes
7 Vertebrates
Opening on each side of the clavicle
No wrist bones (8 bones)
Chest are not round
Sharp pelvis
Spine extend down to pelvis
Malalignment = (not cancer yet) something bad or dangerous. Mal = Bad
Benign = not terrible / serious
Understand the quadrants and what is where, pain in a particular quadrant
Embryology
Early embryo:
Ectoderm(nervous system, outer layer of skin (epidermis and of its associated structure)
Mesoderm (skeleton, muscles excretory system reproductive system)
Endoderm
3rd Week: Yolk Sac produces (primitive) embryonic blood cells
4th Week: Heart Beats, Great big red thing in the baby is the heart, 4 weeks, heart beat.
5th Week: Liver & Spleen produce blood cells, retina moves into head
Cell
Cells: Simple, Stratified, Squamous,
Pseudostratified,
Cuboidal, Columnar, Ciliated
Nucleus holds the chromatin, full of DNA
Rough ER = produce protein
Smooth ER = lipids & steroids
Polyribosome = floating Rough ER (RIBOSOME = PROTEIN)
Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell (produce ATP)
Centrioles = control movement of chromosomes during cell duplication
Cilia = hair, moving mucus up like an escalator. Smoking kills cilia
Flagella = tail to swim
Cytoplasm = holds organelles
Golgi Apparatus = package proteins released from the Rough ER
Pigments = inclusions, droplets of fat
Blood Cells
All the lymphocytes, basophils and etc
Blood, red blood cells contain the hemoglobin.
What is found in the hemoglobin? Iron, Iron is recycled.
Where are the red cells determine if they are recycle?
Spleen examines the red blood cells. 120 days. Sent back to the bone marrow.
Blood - cells suspended in Plasma
Anemias like sickle cell Anemia w/ Hb-s
Hemophilias = bleeding disorders
Leukemias = cancers of white blood cells
Platelets
Leukocytes - White Blood Cells
Granulocytes (cells with granules in the cytoplasm)
Neutrophil - neutral color and first line of defense against acute bacterial infections and in
acute inflammatory reactions (3 segments to its nucleus)
Basophil - (blue-loving) dissolve clots
Eosinophil - (red-loving) allergic reactions, control parasite
Leukemias
Acute - quick & fatal
Chronic - walk on years & years w/o knowing that they have it
Blood Type Surface proteins on red blood cells: Safe Blood From:
O None O (Universal Donor)
A A A,O
B B B,O
AB A and B AB, A, B, O
Rh Factor
Rh Positive = monkey protein
Rh Negative = no monkey protein
Document Summary
Hippocrates - father of medicine / oath to do no harm. Sporadic = sparse of disease here and there. Heart = center of anatomy, center of a man"s soul & intelligence cooling the temperature of blood. Men have 1 less rib (idea from bible) Men & women have 24 ribs, 12 pairs. William burke / william hare - body snatchers. Illness was blame for (ghost, spirits, demons) in ancient times. Improper to dissect the human body back then. 4 humors: fluid, blood, flam (mucus, dead bacteria) Malalignment = (not cancer yet) something bad or dangerous. Understand the quadrants and what is where, pain in a particular quadrant. Ectoderm(nervous system, outer layer of skin (epidermis and of its associated structure) 3rd week: yolk sac produces (primitive) embryonic blood cells. 4th week: heart beats, great big red thing in the baby is the heart, 4 weeks, heart beat. 5th week: liver & spleen produce blood cells, retina moves into head.
