PSYC 102 : Final Exam Study Guide
15 Mar 2019
Department
Course
Professor
Final Exam Study Guide Emily Mix
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
1. What effect would damage to the hippocampus have?
a. Extensive damage can make an individual unable or difficult to form
new memories beyond the time of injury
2. Know the 4 lobes of the brain.
a. Occipital Lobe (vision)
b. Temporal Lobe (hearing, language)
c. Frontal Lobe (personality, voluntary movement)
d. Parietal Lobe (motor control)
3. Where is the hindbrain? The midbrain? The forebrain?
a. Hindbrain = adjacent to the spinal cord; lowest part of the brain at
the base of the skull
b. Midbrain = central area of the brain
c. Forebrain = newest, largest part of the brain
4. Which part of the brain is involved in sleep and arousal? Where is it
located?
a. The pons
b. Located in the hindbrain
5. Know the divisions of the nervous system.
a. Central Nervous System = brain and spinal cord
b. Peripheral Nervous System
i. Somatic Nervous System = sensory nerves
1. From skin and muscles to CNS
ii. Autonomic Nervous System = automatic processing
1. Sympathetic = physiological arousal, fight or flight
2. Parasympathetic = calming down and relaxation
6. Which division controls essential bodily functions?
a. Autonomic Nervous System
7. What flows into a cell during an action potential? What flows out?
What is an action potential?
a. Sodium in, potassium out
b. Electrical impulse that sends information from one part of the brain
to another; when a neuron fires
8. This part of the brain controls voluntary movement.
a. The motor cortex
9. What is an axon? A dendrite?
a. Axon = transmits information out of the neuron, long tail
b. Dendrite = branchlike, receive information from neurons
10. What connects the left and right hemisphere?
a. Corpus Callosum
11. What neurotransmitter is engaged in “tend and befriend”?
a. Oxytocin
12. What is Broca’s Area? Wernicke’s Area? What are their functions?
a. Wernicke’s Aera = language, interpretation of speech
i. Can understand speech but not speak it
b. Broca’s Area = speech
i. Can speak but not understand
13. What acts as the call center of the brain?
a. Thalamus
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
1. Know the definition of sensation and perception.
a. Sensation = receiving stimulus from environment and transforming
it to neural energy
b. Perception = process of organizing and interpreting sensory
information so that it has meaning
2. Describe each of these factors with a real world example.
a. Sensation = I see a bird
b. Perception = I am interpreting that I see a bird
3. What are the sensory receptors for sight? Taste? Smell?
a. Sight = photoreceptors
b. Taste and Smell = chemoreceptors
c. Touch and Sound = mechanoreceptors
4. What is the name for the light sensitive area in the eye?
a. The retina
5. What about the small area made of nothing but cones at the back of the
eye?
a. The Fovea
6. What do the hammer, anvil and stirrup do?
a. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup vibrate and transmit sound waves
into the fluid-filled inner ear
7. Visual information is processed in what lobe?
a. Occipital Lobe
Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
1. What does consciousness consist of?
a. Consciousness = an individual’s awareness of external events and
internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including
awareness of the self and thoughts about one’s experiences
b. Higher-Level conscious, Lower-level conscious, Altered States of
Consciousness, Subconscious Awareness, No awareness
2. What are altered states of consciousness?
a. Altered states of consciousness = mental states that are noticeably
different from normal awareness
b. Range from losing one’s sense of self-consciousness to hallucinating
3. What are the stages of sleep?
a. Stage 1 sleep = drowsy sleep (theta waves)
b. Stage 2 sleep = muscle activity decreases, no longer aware of
environment (sleep spindles)
c. Stage 3 and 4 sleep = deepest sleep (delta waves)
d. Stage 5 (REM sleep) = active stage of sleep when dreaming occurs
4. What is the cognitive theory of dreaming?
a. Theory that we can understand dreaming by applying the same
cognitive concepts we use in studying the waking mind
b. Rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious
cognitive processing involving information and memory
5. Who said the human mind was a “stream of consciousness”?
a. William James (a flow of changing sensations)
6. How does addiction effect a person? What about tolerance?
a. Addiction = a person has a physiological or psychological
dependence on a drug or both
i. Need it physical and need it emotionally
b. Tolerance = a person needs to take increasing amounts of a drug in
order to feel the same effect
7. What neurotransmitter is associated with addiction?
a. Dopamine
Chapter 7: Memory
