BIOL 240W Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Stoma, Heterospory, Lignin
BIOL 240W // exam 1
1. characteristics essential to life
a. reproduction
b. maintain homeostasis
c. process nutrients + excrete waste
d. growth/development/maturation
e. specialized functions
f. respiration
g. respond to stimuli
2. only 3 structures are unique to plants/animal cells
a. extracellular matrix/cell wall
b. centriole (animal)
c. chloroplast
3. common ancestor
a. multicellular plants and animals have evolved independently from a unicellular,
last common ancestor
i. each lineage started with a common toolkit of functioning genes and
evolved to complex, multicellular forms
b. a. arabidopsis (plant) // c. elegans (worm)
i. nuclei
1. similarities: both have DNA-binding proteins as transcription
factors + similar gene regulation mechanisms
ii. receptors for external information
1. nuclear hormone receptors: plant few, worm >270
2. serine/threonine kinase receptors: plant >100, worm few
3. tyrosine kinase receptors: plant few, worm lots
4. g-protein-coupled receptors (chemoreceptors): plant few, worm
many
c. charophyta (green algae) and land plants are related
i. multicellular
ii. eukaryotic
iii. photosynthetic autotrophs
d. transition to land
i. advantages of living in water
1. stable temperatures
2. protection from UV light
3. buoyancy
4. no water shortages
5. dissolved oxygen
ii. advantages of living on land
1. less competition
2. fewer predators
3. more co2
