PHILOS 1100 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Plato, Soul, Socrates
12 Oct 2018
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PHILOS 1100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Plato The Republic 10/6/2018 12:33:00 AM
“How ought one to live one’s life?”
• you think “I” (personal pronoun)
• Plato: impersonal pronoun, doesn’t matter who
• “life”
o man is a rational social animal
1. Ethics: what people do and why
2. epistemology: study of the account of knowledge
• knowledge is the highest form of rationality
o everything that contributes to knowledge = epistemology
• logic, language, perception
3. ontology/metaphysics: the study of being, to be
• “ing” is parcipital
• theology: account of “divine being” (god)
stasis: internal strithe)
• civil war
relativism
• is there right and wrong?
• Sophists
In the discussion (book 1), money plays the role of a kind of (instrumental)
good (something you desire) is what you want what appears good, or is it
really good?
• The 1st principle of practical reasoning: everybody does whatever
they do, because it seems best to them to do it
• We all admit we are not gods
o They don’t make mistakes, we do
▪ Once made aware of our mistakes, we get rid of it, we
don’t like to have false beliefs
• Ends are another good, means to an end, if it weren’t for that fact
that the instrumental good brings you the end, you would not want
the good to begin with
o What are these ends?
o Pleonexia: “never enough”
Justice and morality are the same for now
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10/6/2018 12:33:00 AM
• Value is a function of what you’re willing to pay to obtain what you
want
o Satisfy your desires
• Relativism: values are related to individual desires
• The world is objective
• Are ethics and justice objective?
• Mind-independent
• Cephalus: justice is returning whats due
o All cases of returning whats due are instances of justice, and
all instances of justice are returning whats due
• Socrates asks is it just to give back a gun to a man that is crazed?
o Counter example, is it the same man that gave it to you?
o He is looking for a definition
▪ What is x?
Answer is logos: reason, definition, statement
socrates wants an answer that tells you what
justice is
• polemarchus: young adult
o his definition of justice: help your friends and hurt your
enemies
▪ homer is an honor culture
▪ Socrates: objection, do you know who your friends aer?
Do you help those who you think are your friends and
hurt those who you think are your enemies?
We make mistakes all the times
Seeming vs being
Doctors are just as able to treat a disease as they
are to give one
o What is the domain of justice?
▪ When you need to build a ship, you go to the ship
builder not the just person
▪ Qua operator: latin, with respect to, in virtue of
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Document Summary
10/6/2018 12:33:00 am the study of what there is realism: committed to properties (what we share, ex. Justice and morality are the same for now. Allows you to take complex item and isolate a single aspect of feature of it. By having special knowledge: knowledge is either able to produce happiness or acquire happiness, cant be misused, can only be good, knowledge = virtue = happiness. His example: when republicans govern, they pass laws that favor themselves, those who are in power are the stronger. 1st practical principle: everybody does whatever they do, because it seems best to do that. What about those who are not in power: it is just to obey the ruler"s laws, to your advantage bc if you don"t obey you will get punished. Elenchus: method of question and answer, refutation: socrates tries to show inconsistency in their beliefs, thras: justice is the advantage of the stronger.
