HTHRHSC 2500 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Abdominal Cavity, Anaplasia, Anatomical Terms Of Location
2 May 2018
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Chapter 2 Medical Terms, Word Parts, Abbreviations
Term/Word Part
abdominal cavity(ies)/abdomen/abd
-stasis, -static control, maintenance of a constant level
-stasis, -static control, maintenance of a constant level
-verse, -version to turn
a-, an- no, not, without, away from, negative
aden/o gland
adip/o fat
anter/o efore, front
caud/o lower part of body, tail
cephal/o head
cyt/o, -cyte cell
dem/i, dem/o people, population
dors/I, dors/o back of body
en-, end-, endo- within, inside
epi- above, upon, on
eti/o cause
ex-, exo- out of
gen/o producing, forming
histi/o, hist/o tissue
iatr/o physician, treatment
idi/o peculiar to the individual or organ, one, distinct
macro- large, abnormal size or length, long
medi/o middle
mega- large, great
micro-, micr/o small
mid- middle
nosocomi/o hospital
pan- all, entire, every
path/o, -pathy disease, sufferig
physi/o, physic/o nature, physical
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia development, formation
poster/o behind
proxim/o near
retro- behind, backward, back of
trans- across, through
ventr/o in front, belly side of body
adenectomy surgical removal of a gland
adenocarcinoma carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
adenoma benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue
adenomalacia abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis abnormal hardening of a gland
anaplasia a change in the structure of cells and in the orientation to each other
anatomy study of the structues of the body
anomaly a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anterior front
Chapter 2 Medical Terms, Word Parts, Abbreviations
Term/Word Part
aplasia defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
bloodborne transmission spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
caudal toward the lower part of the body
cephalic toward the head
chromosomes genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
communicable disease/CD any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
congenital disorder(s) an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
cystic fibrosis/CF life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
cytoplasm material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
deoxyribonucleic acid/DNA found in the nucleus of all types of cells except erythrocytes
distal farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
dorsal back of the organ or body
dysplasia abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
endemic ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
endocrine glands produce hormones, do not have ducts, secreted directly into bloodstream
epidemic/epid sudden and wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area
epigastric region located above the stomach
etiology study of the causes of diseases
exocrine glands secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
fetal acohol syndrome/FAS condition characterized by growth abnormalities, mental retard, brain damage, socialization difficulties, caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.
functional disorder(s) condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
genetic disorder(s) pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
geriatrician a physician who specializes in the care of older people
hemophilia group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing
histology study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
homeostasis processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
Huntington disease/HD genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife
hyperplasia enlargment of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells
hypertrophy general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in size , but not in the number, of cells in the tissues.
hypogastric region below the stomach
hypoplasia incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
iatrogenic illness(es) unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
idiopathic disorder(s) illness without knowing the cause
infectious disease(s) illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
inguinal relating to the groin
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
medial toward or nearer the midline
mesentery fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
midsagittal plane divides body into equal left and right halves, midline
muscular dystrophy/MD group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
nosocomial infection(s) disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
pandemic(s) an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
pelvic cavity space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
peritoneum multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within abdominal cavity
Chapter 2 Medical Terms, Word Parts, Abbreviations
Term/Word Part
peritonitis(ides) inflammation of the peritoneum
phenylketonuria/PKU genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
physiology study of the functions of the structures of the body
posterior situated in the back
proximal situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
retroperitoneal located behind the peritoneum
right & left hypochondriac regions covered by the lower ribs
right & left iliac regions located over the hip bones
right & left lumbar regions located near the inward curve of the spine
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
sickle cell anemia/SCA inherited red blood cell disorders that are transmitted by a recessive gene- transmitted by both parents, child will have sickle cell anemia. Causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape- interferes with normal blood flow, damage to most of the body sysems.
stem cells unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
Tay-Sachs disease/TSD fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain.
thoracic cavity chest cavity, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.
transverse plane horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
umbilical region/umbilicus/umb surrounds umbilicus (belly button)
vector-borne transmission spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
ventral front or belly side of the organ or body
