BIOL 1117 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Physiology, Dna, Protein
12 Oct 2018
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Material to know on genetics for exam 1. Human anatomy and physiology 1 (fall 2018) (christopher richardson, ph. d. , biology department, northeastern university) The dna molecule and other nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The structure of dna resembles a spiral staircase of two intertwining strands. Each strand consists of a covalently bonded backbone composed of phosphate groups alternating with the sugar deoxyribose. The nitrogenous bases form the stepwise connections between the two backbones, which are held together by hydrogen bonds. Dna is complexed with proteins to form a filamentous material called chromatin. Human chromatin consists of 46 long filaments called chromosomes, which come in two sets of 23 with each set from each parent. Ribonucleic acid (rna) is produced in three types: messenger rna, ribosomal rna, and transfer. Rna and dna have significant differences although both are nucleic acids.
