BIOL 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: B Cell, Notochord, Atrioventricular Node
15 Sep 2016
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Monophyletic: all individuals grouped within a clade have a common ancestor. Paraphyletic: when a group does not include all descendants. Polyphyletic: two different clades grouped together because of a shared characteristic. Cloning a gene into a vector (plasmid or virus) Blue, we don"t have gene: when lacz is not working, it tells us that the gene has been inserted into the plasmid. Protostomes vs. deuterostomes: gastrulation: the tissues start to develop. Three germ layers: endoderm (internal digestive tract), mesoderm (bone, muscle, connective tissue), ectoderm (skin and nervous system) Blastopore: protostomes: blastopore becomes mouth, deuterostomes: blastopore becomes anus. Neurulation: form the notochord and spinal chord: coelom: space between endoderm and mesoderm, some organisms form coelom, others don"t, can have derived coelom, making it hard to classify organisms through presence of coelom. Antigen: any molecule that elicits an immune response (bacteria, pathogen, etc. ) Macrophage engulfs antigen, breaks it up, then presents it on cell membrane: become antigen presenting cells.
