PSY 200 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Cat, Long-Term Memory, Interaction
12 Oct 2018
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PSY 200
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSY 200 Intro to Psychology Week 1
• History
o Plato: Knowledge is innate (Nature) ex. Cliff experiment with babies
o Aristotle: Knowledge is learned via experience (Nurture)
o Wilhelm Wundt: Father of scientific psychology (1879)
o Was once a part of philosophy
• Psychology is not limited to one subject as a science
• Psychology as a Science
o Solvable problems to find causality only to science questions
o Systematic empiricism: observing and experimenting systematically
o Parsimony: simple explanations are better ex. Clever Hans(horse)
o Public Verification: others need to replicate study ex. Drugs and side effects
o Cumulative: no one study answers every question perfectly
▪ Studies build off one another
• Goals of Psychology
o Description: understanding 1st steps of investigation, asking specific questions
o Explanation: why are these behaviors occurring
o Prediction: know when something will happen and its likelihood of occurring
▪ Hpothesis: testale stateet aout + arialesif-the
o Control: when it starts, how to maintain it and make it go away
o Improvement: make everything more specific and increase quality of life
• Childres Math Errors
o Declarative: factual knowledge ex. Multiplication tables
o Proedure: Ho to ifo e. Carr the i additio
• Research Methods
o Methods on Data Collection
▪ Case Stud: i depth o oe sujet oseratio; at geeralize, good for
specialization)
• Clinical- Freud
• Development- Piaget
• Cognitive- Patient H.M: Hippocamectomy to cure epilepsy but
destroyed his ability to remember new things
▪ Observational: observe a group of participants but not directly manipulating
anything
• Cat ake olusios o ausatio
• Hathore Effet: he people ko there eig osered there a
be a change in behavior
▪ Questionnaire/Surveys: ask others instead of direct observation to prevent
Hawthorne Effect
• May not be truthful ex. Naysaying and acquiescence
▪ Experiment: change 1 variable with a control group
• Correlation (r): relationship between 2 variables
find more resources at oneclass.com
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o Sign
▪ Positive: variables directly related
▪ Negative: variables inversely related
o Magnitude
▪ Closer to -1 or 1 = stronger
▪ Closer to 0 = weak
• Scatterplot: visual representation of data
• Correlatio doest represet ausatio
• A relatioship etee ariales doest ea the are diretl related rd variable possible)
• Partiipats aret radol assiged to groups
• Correlatios aret useful for desriig ured liear distriutio
• Statistics and Ethics
o Organize data in order of low -> high
▪ Mode: greatest occurrence
▪ Median: exact middle (more representative)
▪ Mean: average (affected by extreme outliers)
▪ Range: high minus low
▪ Variance: Standard deviation squared; (score-mean)2 / 3 of observations
▪ Standard Deviation: square root of variance
o Inferential Statistic: comparing two groups to determine if there statistiall differet
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
