ZOL 365 Midterm: ibio 365 exam 1
1. 2 occipital
condyles
- all extant mammals, few amphibians
- reptiles + birds usually have single
condyle
- increases strength + stability + flexibility
2. 3 important
Paleozoic lineages
- synapsids
- diapsids
- anapsids
3. 3 middle ear
ossicles
- only mammals, all extant
- malleus, incus, stapes
- 1.5x greater amplification
4. 7 marsupial orders have two groups
5. adaptive radiation
multiple lineages split from single
lineage
6. Afrosoricida
- tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles
(51 sp.)
- zalambdodont dentition for all
7. American (new
world) marsupial
orders
- Didelphimorphia
- Paucituberculata
- Microbiotheria
8. amniotic egg
- new
- outer membrane: protects egg contents
(chorion)
- allantois collects waste products
- yolk membrane encases yolk sack (OLD
TO AMNIOTES)
- amnion surrounds and protects embryo
9. amphibious
locomotion
- can move easily on land and water
- limbs show some modifications for
swimming but not the same degree as
aquatic
10. anapsid
- most haven't survived except for turtles
- no openings in temporal region
- jaw muscles inside bone skull,
restricting ability to bulge which
decreases power and speed
IBIO 365 Exam 1 Terms
Study online at quizlet.com/_4esxox
11. anatomical
body planes
12. anatomical
orientation
13. anatomical
terminology
head
14. animal lifestyles - terrestrial: living on land (elephant)
- arboreal: living in trees (monkey)
- aquatic: living in water (whale)
- amphibious: living on land and water
(otter)
- fossorial: living underground (mole rat)
- volant: having true, powered flight (only
bats)
15. animal vertebral
regions
- CERVICAL: neck
- THORACIC: vertebrae that articulate
with ribs
- LUMBAR: posterior to thoracic; typically
have blade-like 'wings'
- SACRAL: fused together to form sacrum,
which articulates with the pelvis
- CAUDAL: posterior to sacrum; become
progressively simpler and smaller
16. applied research - model organisms
- seek to solve practical problems w/
specific questions (mostly mice and
rats used)
- designer mice have particular
diseases
- knockout mice have specific genes
removed
17. aquatic locomotion - modified to swim
- forelimbs modified into flippers
- hind limbs reduced/lost or modified
into flippers (otters, manatees)
18. arboreal
locomotion:
scansorial
- mammals that climb
- use claws to hold onto rough
surfaces (squirrel) or grasp branches
with prehensile hands, feet, or tail
- BRACHIATION (monkey); swing arm
over arm
- forelimbs elongated
- pollux (thumb) often reduced
19. Artiodactyla
- antelope, deer, pigs, hippos and
allies (240 sp.)
-artio = 'even toed' ungulates
- KEY CHARACTER is foot; weight
between 3rd + 4th toe (PARAXONIC)
- mostly herbivores
- large cheekteeth w/complex surfaces
(most)(selenodont)
- most have multi-chambered
stomachs (draw more nutrition from
plants)
20. Australian/New
Guinean/Tasmanian
(old world) orders
Dasyuromorphia
Peramelemorphia
Notoryctemorphia
Diprodontia
21. brachydont vs
hypsodont
brachydont: low crown
hypsodont: high crown
NOTE: longer teeth good for abrasive
materials
22. bunodont
tooth with smooth rounded cusps
- omnivore
23. canines
- usually simple, conical
- used to grab, hold and pierce
- never more than 1 per quadrant
- some bi-lobed
- can be ever growing (tusks)
24. caniniform
incisors
looks like canine
25. carnassial/secodont
- blade-like
- specialized for meat eating
26. Carnivora - 'meat eaters' (ex; cats, dogs, bears,
etc.) (286 sp.)
- well developed canines (most) with
recognizable carnassial pair
- includes seals, sea lions, walruses
- cats are most specially adapted for
meat eating
27. carnivore
- feeds largely/entirely on meat
- most species in order Carnivora (and
many others)
- can be dangerous when prey fights
back
- cats are most highly specialized
- 1) agility, speed, endurance
- 2) acute sense of smell/hearing
- 3) eyes face forward (gives depth
perception)
- 4) long sharp claws
- 5) tongue covered with back facing
keratin hooks (cats) to hold onto prey
and tenderize meat
- 6) prominent canines and well
developed carnassial pair
- 7) strong jaw and skull
- 8) digestive tract short and simple
Document Summary
Study online at quizlet. com/_4esxox: 2 occipital condyles, afrosoricida. Tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles (51 sp. ) Reptiles + birds usually have single condyle: american (new world) marsupial orders. Increases strength + stability + flexibility: amniotic egg, 3 important. Can move easily on land and water. Limbs show some modifications for swimming but not the same degree as aquatic. 1. 5x greater amplification: 7 marsupial orders have two groups, adaptive radiation, amphibious locomotion, anapsid multiple lineages split from single lineage. Jaw muscles inside bone skull, restricting ability to bulge which decreases power and speed: anatomical body planes, applied research, aquatic locomotion, arboreal locomotion: scansorial, artiodactyla, anatomical orientation, anatomical terminology head. Seek to solve practical problems w/ specific questions (mostly mice and rats used) Hind limbs reduced/lost or modified into flippers (otters, manatees) Use claws to hold onto rough surfaces (squirrel) or grasp branches with prehensile hands, feet, or tail. Antelope, deer, pigs, hippos and allies (240 sp. )
