ZOL 355 Study Guide - Final Guide: Climax Community, Species Evenness, Allochthon
1. 3 stages of stream bioassessment: 1. ID a reference/unpolluted
stream reach away from target
2. Sample/ID aquatic organisms
3. Determine biological status using-taxa richness, % dominant
taxa, EPT, Pollution, tolerance (hilsenhoff index), number of
chironomids
2. Allochtonous: from outside the stream
3. Applications of Freshwater Bioindicators: - Assessing the
health of freshwater ecosystems
- Assessing human health
4. Assimilation Effcinency: 1. efficiency with which energy is
transferred from one trophic level to the next
2. Highly nutritious foods assimilated more efficiency
3. Food is lost through sloppy feeding or excreation
5. Autochthonous: from inside the stream
6. Biodiversity: Variation amount organisms:genetic,
morphological, functional
7. Bioindicators Relevance: Used as an early warning system as an
indicator of pollution
8. Bottom up Control in the Serengeti: nutrient supple of primary
producers biomass ultimately controls ecosystem function
Ex. production of grasses control populations of top predators
9. Causes of latitudinal variation: 1. Time and area hypothesis
2. Tropics experience less climatic variation (diversity increases
and temperature increases)
3. High species organization rates occur in the tropics
4. High solar radiation promotes high diversity
5. High Primary Production promotes influence in diversity
10. changes in stream reach: Channel width
Canopy
Light
sources of organic matter
Productivity
Organism
11. characteristics that you measure to describe a community: -
Species Richness
- Relative abundance or species evenness
- Species Diversity Indices incorporate a measure of relative
abundance (species evenness)
12. Chemical Competition (Allelopathy): an organism produces
one/more biochemicals that influence germination, growth,
survival, reproduction of other organisms (pos/neg)
13. classifying members of a community: 1. genetic relatedness
(taxonomic affinity)
2. function (feeding relationships)
3. guilds
14. Climax community: > 400 years
Community at the end of sucession, th e most stable until a
differe nt disturbance occurs; all stages of succession
completed
15. Coleoptera: Aquatic Beatles
moderate tolerance
hard plate body
3 pairs of legs
predators
16. Coleoptera ecology: - Find in many different bodies of water
to small rivers
- Like moderately clean water
- Prefer rocky stream beds; diversity of habitats
17. community response to disturbance: resillience: - community
has the ability to return to the original structure and function
after disturbance
18. community response to disturbance: resistance: - avoids
change to disturbance
- no change in the community
19. Competitive exclusion example: - complete competitors
cannot coexisit
- Two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely
- Only one will be a better competitor and thus have higher
fitness and eventually exclude the other.
20. Competitive Release: When one of two species competing for
the same resources disappears therefor allowing the remaining
competitor to utilize the resources more fully than it previously
could
21. Consumptive competition: occurs when food is a limiting
resource and individuals reduce another intake
22. CPOM: Coarse particle organic matter 1 mm (leaves)
23. Diffuse Boundaries (Gleason): do not have clear, definable
boundaries
24. Diptera: True Flies
Moderate/high tolerance
FGG-all
no true legs, wing pads
fleshy bodies
25. Diptera ecology: - Thrive in many water bodies and associated
with moderately clean waters (but some families are known for
being pollution tolerant)
- Larvae prefer a wide diversity of habitats
26. Distinct Boundaries (clements): Are not common North/South
mountain slope
Clearly difinable
27. Disturbance Theory (creator): J. Connell
28. % dominant taxa: # of individuals from the taxa with greatest
abundance/total # of individuals
29. dR/dt: growth rate of prey
30. Energy flow between trophic levels: amount of energy at one
TL/amount of energy directly below it
31. Ephemeroptera ecology: - Find in mid to small rivers
- Like clean water
- Found in ripples where it is highly oxygenated
- Prefer rocky stream beds
Ecology exam 3
Study online at quizlet.com/_4srusm
