PSY 101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Kinesics, Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Conscientiousness
Document Summary
3 early schools: gestalt psychology: opposite of structuralism, the whole is different of its parts (ex. Chapter 1: thinking critically (5 questions on the final) Hindsight bias: tendency for people to exaggerate how much they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred (basically common sense) Theory: an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations, helps us make broad predictions (low self-esteem feeds depression) Hypothesis: a testable, specific predictions imply by a theory (people with low self-esteem will score higher on a depression scale) Operational definition: turn a conceptual variable into a variable that can be measured or manipulated; connect unobservable traits, experiences, or qualities into things that can be observed and measure. Correlation: measure the variables as they already exist in nature: a relationship is established by finding the degree to which two variables co-vary, problems are direction and third-variable, does not imply causation.
