MUS 135 Midterm: Jazz Midterm Review
MUSIC 135 Midterm Review
Musical examples:
Louis Armstrong’s Hot Five "West End Blues" (Chicago Style)
● Emphasis on the solo!!!
● Centered on Lil Hardens arrangements
● “scatting”
Bix Beiderbecke/Frankie Trambauer "Singing the Blues" (Chicago Style)
● Warmer tones of instrument
● Gennett Records
● AABS form (variant of 32- bar popular form)
Fletcher Henderson, “New King Porter Stomp”(New York Dance Orchestra)
● Clear lead instrument, but full orchestra behind it
James P. Johnson "Carolina Shout" (Stride)
● Ragtimy piano
● Piano is entire orchestra
● The TEST piece for pianists (replaced Maple Leaf Rag)
● Heavy left hand, looser right hand
Mary Lou Williams with Andy Kirk’s Clouds of Joy, “Little Joe From Chicago” (KC jazz)
● One of the 1st to use nuances of boogie woogie piano
Pete Johnson and Joe Turner, “Roll ‘Em Pete” (Boogie Woogie)
● Blues based 12-bar form
● Improvised piano
● Precursor to rock and roll piano
Count Basie Orchestra, “Lester Leaps In” (KC jazz)
● Very quick tempo
● Hi hat in background
Art Tatum “Liza” (Stride)
● Stride piano with classical elements
Terminology:
Collective Improvisation: All instruments would play their own improvised parts, yet they
would all work off of one another to make a collective sound. ODJB,etc
Cutting contests: Musicians would compete and show off their skill to see who is better. Ex: at
rent parties, pianists would compete, and kick the loser off of the piano and take their place
Charleston:Dance craze in the 1920’s; when stride piano transitioned to Broadway; debuted in
Runnin Wild on Broadway, by James P. Johnson
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Rent parties: People opened their homes, served liquor, had music and dancing, charged an
admission fee in order to pay off rent or other payments, integrated events; “Stride” piano
became popular at these events; cutting contests as well
Arranger: The person who created and wrote up a score of music for a band/musician to read
and play.
Territory Bands: The dance orchestra of Kansas City
Head Arrangement: roughly outlined musical arrangement that is played from memory and is
often learned by ear.
Lindy Hop: named for Charles Lindbergh; “Jitterbug” was the newer name for the style
Savoy Ballroom: Largest ballroom in New York; integrated; home of new dance crazes(Lindy
Hop); home of the battle of the bands
Cotton Club: Musicians, dancers, waitstaff were all black, but only catered to white patrons
Dance Orchestra: The main way that music was provided and occurred in New York;
corresponded with a rise in new dance styles; hybrid of dance bands and symphony orchestras;
Instruments were in sections of 2-5 people; mostly written arrangements (no improv)
New Negro Movement (Harlem Renaissance): 1919-1945; artistic and literary movement; this
is what brought this music to New York; was for the black musician; off shoot of Great
Migration; brought African American culture into American society;
32 bar form (AABA): four 8-bar phrases (first phrase, repeat first, contrasting phase, repeat
first)=one chorus completed; popular song form
12 bar blues form (AAB): 1,4, and 5 chords as basic structure.
Black Swan Records: 1st black owned recording studio
● Characteristics of the Chicago jazz aesthetic advanced by Armstrong’s Hot Five and Hot
Seven bands; what made these bands different from Joe King Oliver’s band
-no collective improv
-individual solo, supported by rhythm
-Melody in beginning and end, position solo as focal point
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