MGT 3200 : Final Exam Reading
Document Summary
Motivation is the set of forces that initiates, directs and makes people persist in their efforts over time to accomplish a goal. Managers often confuse motivation and performance situational constraints. Needs are the psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being. Equity theory that they are being treated fairly. Expectancy theory: expectancy theory holds that three factors affect the conscious choices people make about their motivation, valence, expectancy, instrumentality, all three factors must be high for people to be highly motivated. Reinforcement theory: reinforcement theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences, has two parts, reinforcement contingencies, schedules of reinforcement, there are 4 kinds of reinforcement contingencies, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment. Who leaders are and what leaders do: trait theory says that effective leaders possess traits or characteristics that differentiate them from non-leaders. The best leadership style depends on the situation.
