KIN 2500 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Kinef Kirishi, Trachea, Zygomatic Process
12 Oct 2018
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Course
Professor
KIN 2500
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
KIN 2500 – Human Anatomy SI
Axial Skeleton
The skeletal system is made up of the axial and the appendicular. The typical
adult skeleton contains 206 bones.
The axial skeleton is composed of the bones along the central axis of the body.
It can be divided up into seconds
1. The Skull
a. Cranial Bones
b. Facial Bones
2. The Hyoid Bone
3. Auditory Ossicles
4. Vertebral Column
5. Thorax
The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones the appendages, as well as
bones that hold the limbs of the trunk of the body.
The Skull
• The skull is composed of two sets of bones: cranial and facial
o How many of each type? Cranial- 8; facial- 14
Cranial Bones of the Skull
Bones of the Cranium
o The roof of the skull is composed of the parietal, frontal, occipital
o The base of the skull is composed of the occipital, ethmoid,
sphenoid, temporal
1. Frontal Bone
• Forms the superior and anterior parts of the skull, part of the anterior
cranial fossa, and the orbit.
o It forms which facial icons? Forehead, eye socket (superior part),
and much of the anterior part of the cranial floor
• Selected Features:
o Orbital part: forms the roof of each orbit/eye socket
o Zygomatic process: lateral of each orbit; articulates with the frontal
process of the zygomatic bone
o Possible ?: what does the zygomatic bone articulate with?
Zygomatic process
o Supraorbital foramen: midpoint of each supraorbital margin which
makes up the superior border of the orbit
2. Parietal Bone
• Forms most of the superior (roof) and lateral walls of the skull
• Each parietal bone is bordered by _____ sutures that unite it to the
neighboring bone.
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KIN 2500 – Human Anatomy SI
Axial Skeleton
• Paired
3. Temporal Bone
• Forms the inferolateral walls of the skull and part of the middle cranial
fossa
• Paired
• Selected Features
o Petrous: protects sensory structures of the inner ear (hearing and
equilibrium)
o Mastoid: attachment site of some neck muscles to extend and
rotate the head
o Zygomatic Process: articulate with the zygomatic bone to form the
zygomatic arch by uniting with the temporal process of the
zygomatic bone
o Styloid Process: attachment site for the hyoid bone’s ligaments and
muscles
4. Occipital Bone
• Forms the posterioinferior part of the skull; including most posterior fossa. It
forms the base of the skull
• Selected Features:
o A large circular opening called the foramen magnum helps form
the base of the skull. This is the largest formamen in the body.
o The inferior and superior nuchal lines are used for attachment of the
neck ligaments and muscles.
o The occipital condyles articulate with the first cervical atlas.
o The ligamentum nuchae extends from the external occipital
protuberance to 7th cervical vertebrae (C7) and has the function of
stabilizes and supports your head.
5. Sphenoid Bone
• Unites many cranial and facial bones and articulates with almost every
other bone in the skull.
• Medially it has a thick body that contains the sphenoid sinuses
• Laterally, it extends to form the greater and lesser wings. This helps form
part of the orbit
• The sella turcia is a bony enclose that houses the pituitary gland.
• The pterygoid processes are vertical projections that begin at the
boundary between the greater and lesser wings. Provides the attachment
surface for muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate.
6. Ethmoid Bone
• Forms the anteriomedial floor of the cranium (this is called the cribriform
plate of the ethmoid bone), the roof of the nasal cavity, part of the
medial wall of each orbit, and part of the nasal septum
• This bone is positioned where in the skull? Between the orbits
• This bone helps with what? Filtering air
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The skeletal system is made up of the axial and the appendicular. The axial skeleton is composed of the bones along the central axis of the body. It can be divided up into seconds: the skull, cranial bones, facial bones, the hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, thorax. The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones the appendages, as well as bones that hold the limbs of the trunk of the body. It forms the base of the skull: selected features, a large circular opening called the foramen magnum helps form the base of the skull. This helps form part of the orbit: the sella turcia is a bony enclose that houses the pituitary gland, the pterygoid processes are vertical projections that begin at the boundary between the greater and lesser wings. Axial skeleton: the superior part of the ethmoid bone exhibits a thin elevation called the crista galli.
