BIOL 1002 : Biology Final Exam
Document Summary
Chapter 36-defenses against diseases: understand the three major lines of defense against disease that vertebrates have, and be able to give examples of each, nonspecific external barriers, prevent most pathogens from entering the body. Includes skin and cilia, and secretions such as tears, saliva, and mucus: nonspecific internal defenses. If the external barriers are breached, a variety of nonspecific internal defenses swing into action. If swallowed, microbes enter the stomach, where protein-digesting enzymes and extreme acidity is lethal to them. In the urinary tract, the slight acidity of urine inhibits bacterial growth. Innate immune responses are nonspecific they attack all microbes rather than targeting particular invaders. It attracts phagocytes to infected or injured tissue. Chapter 37-the endocrine system: understand the 4 methods of communication between cells in the body. Individual cells of an animal"s body must communicate with one another to ensure the proper functioning of the whole: methods of communication between cells fall into four broad categories, direct.
