BIOL 1001 Study Guide - Sister Chromatids, G2 Phase, Homologous Chromosome

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amberchimpanzee153

1 Dec 2014

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Document Summary

Chapter 9 learning objectives: understand the 3 characteristics of cell division. Equal distribution of dna to opposite ends of the dividing cell. Separation into 2 daughter cells: know the 3 stages of interphase, and what happens during each. During g1 and g2 phases, the cell grows, produces more organelles and more cytoplasm. The s phase produces sister chromatids: know the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is division of the cytoplasm (cell): know the relationship between dna, chromosomes, chromatin, and protein. Your genes are made up of dna, your genetic material. Dna with proteins bound to it is called chromatin, and this is what physically makes up your chromosomes: understand sister chromatids, where they are connected, and the process that produces them. Sister chromatids are identical chromosomes that are produced by dna replication in the s phase of the cell cycle. Homologous chromosomes are the same length and contain similar genes that control the same characteristics.

Related Questions

Match the term with its correct definition or explanation.

Chromatin

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Diploid

Interphase

S Phase

Synapsis

Crossing Over

Cell Plate

Cleavage Furrow

A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

B. The pairing or tight association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Results in the formation of a tetrad.

C. Non-identical copies of the same chromosome. Present in all diploid cells, even before replication. These chromosomes are the same length and contain genes for the same characteristics, but may have different alleles for each gene. D.

The period of the cell cycle that includes G1, S phase, and G2. E. A structure that develops during cytokinesis in plants.

F. Condensed chromosomes.

G. An invagination that develops during cytokinesis in animal cells.

H. When an organism has two copies of every chromosome (2n).

I. Two identical copies of a chromosome. These are only present after DNA replication.

J. The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.

1- Most of a cell's life is spend in this phase of the cell cycle:

--------------------

2- The cell cycle is a highly regulated process.

True

False

3- Cells replicate their DNA during ________________ phase.

4- In animal cells, ________________________ is the indentation of the cell's surface that marks cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division.

cleavage furrow

binary fission

cell plate

sister chromatids

5- Somatic ("body") cells are _______________ (2n). This means there are two copies of each chromosome.

6- During the _______ phase(s) cells perform their everyday functions.

7- When chromosomes are duplicated the two strands are called _______________________________ and they are linked together at a point called the ____________________.

sister strands; kinetochore

sister chromatids; centromere

dual chromatids; centromere

genes; chromatid

8- New somatic âbodyâ cells are formed by this process:

meiosis

binary fission

replication

mitosis

9- The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.