BIOL 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Extracellular Fluid, Fluid Compartments, Tonicity

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21 Apr 2017

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Active transport: cell must expend energy; usually moves molecules against concentration gradient from area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration: requires membrane protein (transporter, requires atp or other energy source. Bulk transport: involves membranous vesicles to move larger substances/molecules: endocytosis: adding to cell by bringing in substances, exocytosis: eliminating from cell by expelling substances. Receptor proteins span membrane required for transmission of information to and from cell. Receptor sites (on receptor proteins) interact specifically with signal molecules. A change is triggered within the cell as a result of the binding of signal molecules to the receptor site. Different cell types have different receptor proteins. Expels unwanted ions, keeps needed ones, and maintains cell volume. Atp is used to expel 3 sodium ions for every 2 potassium ions brought into the cell. Increase in cell volume = increase in water in cytoplasm by decreasing pumping and allowing more sodium inside cell.

Related Questions

A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

The salt and water solution in the potato is a hypotonic solution

Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a membrane which require embedded proteins

The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and the salt is the solute.

Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration

Active transport required no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration.

The water on the inside of the potato with the salt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution on the outside of the potato.

Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis) into or out of cells it requires energy or protein transporters

The solution of salt water in the potato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water on the outside should move into the cells

Question 1

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

	A.	glucose cannot enter the cell.
	B.	the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
	C.	plasma membranes must be very thick.

Question 2

Oxygen molecules O₂ crosse a plasma membrane by

	A.	passive transport
	B.	osmosis
	C.	active transport

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.

		A. energy and channel proteins; against (up)
		B. transport proteins that make channels ; down
		C. energy ; down

Question 4

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

		A. move to the side with lower water concentration
	B.	move to the side with higher water concentration
	C.	move to the side with lower solute concentration

Question 5

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

	A.	chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy.
	B.	kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules.
	C.	kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement.

Question 6

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

	A.	exergonic; endergonic
	B.	endergonic; exergonic
	C.	spontaneous; exergonic

Question 7

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction

		A. it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
		B. it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
		C. it is used once and discarded.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?

		A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
		B. Enzymes are very specific for their substrates.
		C. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction

QUESTION 1

Ion diffusion across plasma membrane needs

		a concentration gradient across the membrane
		specific transporters
		ATP
		provide extra energy for the transport

2 points

QUESTION 2

There are four types of large biological molecules

2 points

QUESTION 3

Active transporters transport substances across cell membrane against ____________

2 points

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is a nonpolar amino acid?

	1.	Valine
	2.	Serine
	3.	Aspartic acid
	4.	Glutamic acid

2 points

QUESTION 5

Membrane potential of a cell is created by:

	1.	sodium ion concentration difference between inside and outside of the cell
	2.	a difference in protein concentration across the cell membrane
	3.	an electrical potential difference between the intracellular fluid and the surrounding extracellular fluid
	4.	a difference between the potassium concentration inside and outside of the cell

2 points

QUESTION 6

A mutation resulted in a change from a valine to a glutamic acid in a peptide sequence. This mutation will NOT change the protein folding

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 7

Ions can be transported across plasma membrane by

	1.	diffusion
	2.	No need of transporters
	3.	osmosis
	4.	active transport

2 points

QUESTION 8

Phospholipid is composed of

	1.	A glycerol backbone
	2.	One protein group
	3.	One carbohydrate group
	4.	Two fatty acid chains and one phosphate group

2 points

QUESTION 9

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are similar in

	1.	Plasma membrane
	2.	nucleus
	3.	mechanism for protein translation
	4.	endoplasmic reticulum

2 points

QUESTION 10

Disulfide bonds are formed between two histidine residues

True

False

BIOL 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Extracellular Fluid, Fluid Compartments, Tonicity

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