BIOL 240 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ethmoid Bone, Nasal Septum, Cribriform Plate
Hugh%Ebb%1%
Exam%V%Review%
The%Respiratory%System%
v What%are%the%functions%of%the%Respiratory%System?%
o Gas%Exchange%(Oxygen,%Carbon%Dioxide)%
o Gas%Conditioning%(Warm,%Moisten,%and%Clean)%
o Sound%Production%
o Smell%
o Protection%(Airborne%Molecules,%Microbes)%
o Functions%are%closely%related%with%the%Circulatory%System%
v What%are%the%Requirements%of%the%Respiratory%System?%
o High%Surface%Area%
o Moisture%
o Rich%Blood%Supply%
o Thin%–walled,%selectively%permeable%structures%
§ Necessary%for%diffusion%
v What%are%the%Anatomical%Divisions%of%the%Respiratory%System?%
o Upper%
§ Sphenoidal%Sinus%
§ Nasal%Cavity%
§ Pharynx%
• Nasopharynx%
• Oropharynx%
• Laryngopharynx%
o Lower%
§ Larynx%
§ Trachea%
§ Bronchi%
§ Lungs%
v What%are%the%Functional%Divisions%of%the%Respiratory%System?%
o Conducting%Zone%
§ Transport%
§ Filter%
§ Humidify%(Increase%moisture%in%air)%
§ Warm%
o Respiratory%Zone%
§ Function%
• Gas%Exchange%
§ Structures%
• Bronchioles%
• Alveolar%Ducts%
• Alveolar%Sacs%
• Alveoli%
% %
Hugh%Ebb%2%
v What%are%the%functions%of%the%Nose%and%the%Nasal%Cavity?%
o Nose%(External)%
§ Provides%Airway%
§ Moisten%and%Warm%Air%
§ Filter%Air%
§ Resonating%Chamber%for%Speech%
§ Olfactory%Receptors%(Smell)%
o Nasal%Cavity%
§ Functions%
• Air%passes%through%nostrils%(Nares)%
• Nasal%Septum%divides%nasal%Cavity%
o Perpendicular%plate%of%the%ethmoid%bone,%vomer,%and%septal%cartilage%
• Connect%with%the%Pharynx%posteriorly%
o Occurs%via%Posterior%Nasal%Apertures%(Choanae)%
• Floor%is%formed%by%Palate%(Roof%of%the%mouth)%
o Anterior%Hard%Palate%
o Posterior%Soft%Palate%
§ Linings%
• Vestibule%
o Located%just%above%the%nostrils%
o Lined%with%skin%containing%Sebaceous%Glands,%Sweat%Glands,%and%Nose%Hairs%
o Filters%large%particles%(Insects,%Lint)%
• Mucous%Membranes%
o Two%Divisions%
§ Olfactory%Mucosa%
• Small%patch%near%the%roof%of%the%mouth%%
o Cribriform%plate%
§ Respiratory%Mucosa%
• Lines%most%of%nasal%cavity%
o Tissue%
§ Pseudostratified%Ciliated%Columnar%Epithelium%
§ Underlying%Connective%Tissue%
• Lamina%Propria%
o Mucous%Cells%
§ Secrete%Mucous%
o Serous%Cells%
§ Secrete%watery%fluid%with%digestive%enzymes%
§ Lysozyme%
o Scattered%Goblet%Cells%
o Produce%a%quart%of%secretions%per%day%
§ Dead%junk%is%swallowed%
% %
Hugh%Ebb%3%
v What%are%the%Nasal%Conchae%and%Paranasal%Sinuses?%What%are%their%functions?%
o Nasal%Conchae%
§ Function%
• Increase%turbulence%of%air%
• Absorb%moisture%from%air%when%exhaling%
§ Structure%(Ethmoid%Bone)%
• Scroll%like%
• Meatus%located%inferior%to%each%concha%
• Divisions%
o Superior%Concha%
§ Superior%Meatus%
o Middle%Concha%
§ Middle%Meatus%
o Inferior%Concha%
§ Inferior%Meatus%
o Paranasal%Sinuses%
§ Function%
• Provide%Resonance%for%voice%
• Lighten%the%skull%
• Lined%by%Olfactory%and%Respiratory%Mucosa%
§ Structure%
• Composed%of%%
o Frontal%Bone%
o Sphenoid%Bone%
o Ethmoid%Bone%
o Maxillary%Bones%
v What%are%the%divisions%of%the%Pharynx?%What%are%their%Functions?%What%tissues%correspond%with%each?%
o Pharynx%
§ Nasopharynx%
• Function%
o Conduct%Air%
• Epithelial%Lining%
o Pseudostratified%Ciliated%Columnar%Epithelium%
§ Oropharynx%
• Function%
o Conduct%Air,%Food,%and%Drink%
• Epithelial%Lining%
o Nonkeratinized%Stratified%Squamos%Epithelium%
§ Nasopharynx%
• Function%
o Conduct%Air,%Food,%and%Drink%
• Epithelial%Lining%
o Nonkeratinized%Stratified%Squamos%Epithelium%
% %
Document Summary
Necessary for diffusion v what are the anatomical divisions of the respiratory system: upper. Lungs v what are the functional divisions of the respiratory system: conducting zone. Structures: bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli. Hugh ebb 2 v what are the functions of the nose and the nasal cavity: nose (external) Linings: vestibule, located just above the nostrils, lined with skin containing sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nose hairs, filters large particles (insects, lint, mucous membranes, two divisions. Olfactory mucosa: small patch near the roof of the mouth, cribriform plate. Respiratory mucosa: lines most of nasal cavity, tissue. Underlying connective tissue: lamina propria, mucous cells. Lysozyme: scattered goblet cells, produce a quart of secretions per day. Increase turbulence of air: absorb moisture from air when exhaling. Structure (ethmoid bone: scroll like, meatus located inferior to each concha, divisions, superior concha. Function: provide resonance for voice, lighten the skull, lined by olfactory and respiratory mucosa.
