KNR 182 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Sigmoid Colon, Ileocecal Valve, Serous Membrane
22 Jun 2018
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Study Guide for Digestive System
Digestive Unit
Anatomy to know:
Oral Cavity:
Mouth: mucous lined cavity, also called oral cavity
Pharynx: muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the
esophagus
Tongue: composed of interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle fibers and during chewing it
grips the food and constantly repositions it between the teeth
Taste buds: allow for the organism to taste food flavors
Papillae: peg like projections of the underlying mucosa
Palate: forms the roof of the mouth, has two distinct parts: hard and soft
Teeth(incisors, canines, premolars, molars); incisors= cutting and shearing of food;
canines=holding and tearing; premolars and molars=crushing and grinding
Salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual): parotid= lies anterior to the ear
between the masseter muscle and the skin; sumandibular=lies along the medial aspect of
the mandibular body; sublingual=lies anterior to the submandibular gland under the
tongue and opens via 10-12 ducts in the floor of the mouth
Salivary ducts: carry saliva from salivary glands to the mouth
Esophagus: muscular tube extending from the laryngopharynx through the diaphragm to
join the stomach; collapses when not involved in food propulsion
Stomach:
Chyme: semifluid, creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice
Cardia: surrounds the cardiac orifice through which food enters the stomach from the
esophagus
Fundus: dome shaped paret tucked beneath the diaphragm that bulges superolaterally to
the cardia
Body: the midportion of the stomach
Pyloris: is continuous with the duodenum (part of the small intestine) and is the
terminating point of the pyloric region
Lesser curvature: concave medial surface of the stomach
Greater curvature: convex lateral surface of the stomach
Gastric rugae: large, longitudinal folds in the stomach that are formed when the stomach
collapses as it is empty
Gastric pits: millions of deep pits that lead into the gastric glands
Gastric glands: glands in the stomach that produce the stomach secretion of gastric juice
Small intestine: the body’s main digestive organ
Duodenum: first part of the small intestine
Common bile duct: removes bile from the gallbladder
Pancreatic duct: tube that removes pancreatic juice from the pancreas and takes it to the
small intestine
Jejunum: the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
Document Summary
Mouth: mucous lined cavity, also called oral cavity. Pharynx: muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus. Tongue: composed of interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle fibers and during chewing it grips the food and constantly repositions it between the teeth. Taste buds: allow for the organism to taste food flavors. Papillae: peg like projections of the underlying mucosa. Palate: forms the roof of the mouth, has two distinct parts: hard and soft. Teeth(incisors, canines, premolars, molars); incisors= cutting and shearing of food; canines=holding and tearing; premolars and molars=crushing and grinding. Salivary ducts: carry saliva from salivary glands to the mouth. Esophagus: muscular tube extending from the laryngopharynx through the diaphragm to join the stomach; collapses when not involved in food propulsion. Chyme: semifluid, creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice. Cardia: surrounds the cardiac orifice through which food enters the stomach from the esophagus.
