NSCI 4053 Study Guide - Final Guide: Isoelectric Point, Isoelectric Focusing, Surface Charge
19 Dec 2016
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BioChem Exam 1
Chapters 1-3, 5, 6
Chapter 1 - Biochem and the Language of Chem
-Biochemistry: science that describes the structure, organization and functions of living things in
molecular terms
-Structural Chemistry: the chemistry of the components of living matter in terms of
function
-Metabolism: totality of chemical reactions
-Genetic Biochemistry: chemistry of processes and substances that store biological info
-Koshland’s 7 Pillars of Life
-Program: there is a plan for the organization of organisms (DNA)
-Improvisation: ability to change the program to assure survival
-Compartmentalization: ability to separate itself from the environment (membranes)
-Energy: create complexity to sustain the program and other pillars
-Regeneration: compensate for wear and tear and maintain physical state
-Adaptability: respond to environmental changes
-Seclusion: metabolic processes and pathways operate in isolation from one another
-Proteins: constructed from AA’s held by peptide (amide) bonds
-Nucleic Acids: store and transfer information (DNA or RNA) and made of nucleotides
-Carbohydrates: sugars or chains of sugars to be used as an energy source (glycogen, starch,
cellulose) and located on the cell surfaces for cell recognition
-Lipids: free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol...have hydrophobic and
hydrophilic regions, store energy and involved in cell signaling
-Weak forces mediate biomolecular recognition and restrict organisms to narrow range of
environmental conditions
-Organelles in Eukaryotes:
-Mitochondria: oxidative metabolism
-Endoplasmic Reticulum: rich in ribosommmes where protein synthesis occurs
-Golgi Complex: function in secretion and transport of proteins
-Nucleus: contains DNA
-Nucleolus: dense region of DNA in the nucleus
-Nuclear Envelope:surrounds the membrane and contains pores so nucleus and
cytoplasm may communicate
-Lysosomes: (animal cells) digestive bodies surrounded only by a plasma membrane
-Chloroplasts: (plant cells) site of photosynthesis
-Vacuole: (plant cells) large water filled sac
-Basal bodies act as anchors for cillia and flagella
Chapter 2 - Chemical Foundations of Life and Weak Aqueous Interactions
-Covalent Bonds: strong bonds that result from sharing electrons
-Noncovalent Bonds: weak, dynamic forces of attractions between atoms with no electron
sharing (technically electrostatic interactions)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-Hydrophilic Molecules
-Hydrophobic Effect: the hydrophobic regions will arrange themselves as to not come in contact
with water...this is energetically favorable I
-Amphipathic Molecules: molecules that have both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region
-Bilayer: tail to tail arrangement so phobic tails are touching and philic heads are in water
-Micelle: ball of molecules where heads are out and tails are within
-Bronsted Acid: proton donor
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-Buffers: solutions that resist changes in pH...consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base
-Protein Surface Charge:
-Proteins will have a surface charge at high and low pH...this charge then means that it
is soluble in water and will dissolve
-Proteins will have a net neutral charge in neutral pH’s (at the isoelectric point)...this
means that the proteins will be attracted to the charges on each other, clump up and
precipitate out (insoluble)
-Electrophoresis:
-method to separate proteins based on charge and weight
-larger molecules migrate slower than small molecules
-current is applied and the proteins move based on their charge
-positively charged proteins will migrate toward the anode (has a negative charge)
-negatively charged proteins will migrate toward the cathode (has a positive charge)
-can also run proteins against a molecular weight standard to determine the size of
protein
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Structural chemistry: the chemistry of the components of living matter in terms of. Genetic biochemistry: chemistry of processes and substances that store biological info. Program: there is a plan for the organization of organisms (dna) Improvisation: ability to change the program to assure survival. Compartmentalization: ability to separate itself from the environment (membranes) Energy: create complexity to sustain the program and other pillars. Regeneration: compensate for wear and tear and maintain physical state. Seclusion: metabolic processes and pathways operate in isolation from one another. Chapter 1 - biochem and the language of chem. Biochemistry: science that describes the structure, organization and functions of living things in molecular terms function. Proteins: constructed from aa"s held by peptide (amide) bonds. Nucleic acids: store and transfer information (dna or rna) and made of nucleotides. Carbohydrates: sugars or chains of sugars to be used as an energy source (glycogen, starch, cellulose) and located on the cell surfaces for cell recognition.
