PSYC 210 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
30 Apr 2018
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PSYC%210%Adult%Abnormal%
MIDTERM%II%–%Study%Guide%
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Obsessive-Compulsive.Disorder.(OCD)..
Obsessive!compulsive!disorder!(OCD):.an.anxiety.disorder.in.which.the.mind.is.flooded.with.
persistent.and.uncontrollable.thoughts.or.the.individual.is.compelled.to.repeat.certain.acts.
again.and.again,.causing.significant.distress.and.interference.with.everyday.functioning.
• OCD.is.related.to.a.deficit.in.the.intuitive.sense.of.feeling.security.or.closure.
• Suffer.from.an.anxious.sense.that.things.are.not.complete.
Diagnostic!criteria!of!OCD!
DSM-5.criteria.for.OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE!DISORDER!(OCD).
1. Obsessions!and/or!compulsions!
2. The.obsessions.or.compulsions.are.time!consuming.(at.least.1.hour.per.day).or.cause.
clinically.significant.distress!
3. Symptoms.not.attributable.to.the.physiological.effects.of.a.substance.or.another.
medical.condition!
4. The.disturbance.is.not.better.explained.by.symptoms.of.another.disorder!
Obsessions.are.defined.by:.
1. Recurrent,!intrusive,!persistent!unwanted.thoughts,.urges,.or.images!
2. The.person.tries!to!ignore,!suppress,!or!neutralize!the.thoughts,.urges,.or.images!
Compulsions.are.defined.by:.
1. Repetitive!behaviors.or.thoughts.that.the.person.feels.compelled.to.perform.to!prevent!
distress!or!dreaded!events!
2. The.person.feels.driven.to.perform.the.repetitive.behaviors.or.thoughts.in!response!to!
obsessions.or.according.to.rigid.rules!
3. The.acts.are.excessive!or!unlikely!to!prevent!the!dreaded!situation!
..
Specifiers.
• With.good.or.fair.insight.
• With.poor.insight.
• With.absent.insight/delusions.beliefs.
• Tic-related.
Differences!between!obsessions!and!compulsions!
Obsessions:.intrusive.and.recurring.thoughts,.images,.impulses.experienced.and.disturbing.and.
anxiety.provoking;.internally.generated.threat.
• Source.of.anxiety.in.OCD.
• In!OCD,!the!danger!is!internal.and.comes.from.the.obsessions.
o In.other.anxiety.disorders,.the.anxiety.is.typically.because.of.an.external.stimulus.
• Not.compatible.with.one's.system.of.beliefs.or.what.they.expect.from.themselves.
!
Compulsions:.repetitive.excessive.behavior.or.mental.acts.designed.to.reduce.the.anxiety.
associated.with.the.intrusive.obsessive.thoughts;.tend.to.be.avoidance.behaviors.
• Perform.compulsion.to.reduce.the.anxiety.
• Avoidance.is.to.prevent.consequences.or.obsessive.thoughts.from.happening..
.
Common!domains!of!obsession!!
• Contamination!or!disease.
o Thoughts.on.catching.a.disease.from.public.places.
o Idea.that.dirt.is.always.on.me.
• Responsibility!for!harm!or!mistakes.
o "What.if.What.if.I.left.the.door.unlocked.and.someone.will.break.into.my.
house?".
o "What.if.I.hit.someone.with.my.car.without.realizing.it?".
o Thoughts.of.dropping.a.baby.
o Fear.of.accidentally.poisoning.someone.
• Symmetry!or!order.
o If.there.is.not.symmetry.or.something.is.in.the.wrong.order,.something.bad.will.
happen..
o Odd.numbers.are.incorrect.
• Unacceptable!thoughts!with!immoral,!sexual,!religious,!or!violent!content.
o Incompatible.with.one's.beliefs.and.their.non-obsessive.thoughts.
o Image.of.Jesus.with.an.erection.on.the.Cross.
o Thoughts.about.stabbing.my.partner.in.their.sleep.
.
Obsession!(type)!
Obsession!(fears/thoughts)!
Compulsion!
Symmetry/neatness!
Needing.things.to.be.symmetrical,.
repeating.behaviors.until.just.right.
• Putting.things.in.order.
• Repeating.rituals.
Unacceptable!
thoughts/actions!
Fears,.urges.to.harm.self.or.others,.
fear.of.offending.God.
• Checking.
• Repeated.rituals.
Cleaning/contamination!
Germs,.fear.of.germs,.
contaminants.
• Recessive/excessive.
hand.washing.
.
Treatment!options!for!OCD!!
• Exposure!and!response!prevention!(ERP):.the.most.widely.used.and.accepted.
treatment.of.obsessive-compulsive.disorder,.in.which.the.sufferer.is.prevented.from.
engaging.in.compulsive.ritual.activity.and.instead.faces.the.anxiety.provoked.by.the.
stimulus,.leading.eventually.to.extinction.of.the.conditioned.response.(anxiety)..
o People!expose!themselves!to!situations!that!elicit!the!compulsive!act!and!then!
refrain!from!performing!the!compulsive!ritual!
§ Not.performing.the.ritual.exposes.the.person.to.the.full.force.of.the.
anxiety.provoked.by.the.stimulus.
§ The.exposure.promotes.the.extinction.of.the.conditioned.response.(the.
anxiety).
o Imaginal!exposure:.treatment.for.anxiety.disorders.that.involves.visualizing.
feared.scenes.for.extended.periods.of.time;.frequently.used.in.the.treatment.of.
posttraumatic.stress.disorder.when.in.vivo.exposure.to.the.initial.trauma.cannot.
be.conducted.
§ Imagine.what.would.happen.if.the.distressing.event.occurs.and.the.worst.
possible.scenario.
o In.vivo.exposure.-->.having.exposure.with.regard.to.the.actual.thing.that.causes.
distress.in.its.environment.
• Cognitive.behavioral.therapy.(CBT).
• Medication.(usually.SSRIs).
o Antidepressants.most.commonly.used,.but.most.people.still.have.mild.symptoms.
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Diagnosis.of.Obsessive-Compulsive.and.Related.Disorders.
DSM-5!
Diagnoses.
Key!Features.
Obsessive-
compulsive!
disorder!
• Repetitive,.intrusive,.uncontrollable.thoughts.or.urges.(obsessions)
• Repetitive.behaviors.or.mental.acts.that.the.person.feels.compelled.to.
perform.(compulsions)
Document Summary
Obsessions are defined by: recurrent, intrusive, persistent unwanted thoughts, urges, or images, the person tries to ignore, suppress, or neutralize the thoughts, urges, or images. Specifiers: with good or fair insight, with poor insight, with absent insight/delusions beliefs, tic-related. Obsessions: intrusive and recurring thoughts, images, impulses experienced and disturbing and anxiety provoking; internally generated threat: source of anxiety in ocd. In ocd, the danger is internal and comes from the obsessions. In other anxiety disorders, the anxiety is typically because of an external stimulus: not compatible with one"s system of beliefs or what they expect from themselves. Common domains of obsession: contamination or disease, thoughts on catching a disease from public places. If there is not symmetry or something is in the wrong order, something bad will happen: odd numbers are incorrect, unacceptable thoughts with immoral, sexual, religious, or violent content. Incompatible with one"s beliefs and their non-obsessive thoughts.
