HLTH 340 Study Guide - Final Guide: Boletus Aereus, Sapindaceae, Crop Diversity
6 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
- Food security
o All people at all times have physical/economic access to sufficient, safe, and
nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
healthy life
- Food sovereignty
o Right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through
ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own
food and agriculture systems
- Zymology
o Relevant to food production
o Incorporates specific, known starter culture organisms
- Ethnozymology
o Science of fermentation in traditional diets
o Referring to integration of TEK in fermentation by using native microbiota found
on the plant ingredients and from other natural sources
- Fermentation Advantages
o Reduces toxicity/undesirable elements of raw product
o Improves digestibility/nutrient availability
o Enriches food w vitamins and amino acids
o Reduces cooking time
o Salvages food waste
o Improves shelf life and decreases spoilage
- Methods
o Gorani TEK on fermentation for production of medicinal and folk functional
foods w health benefits
o Explore implications for local food sovereignty/security
o 44 informants
- The Gorani
o Ablania
- Results
o 15 diff species cited by informants as being subjected to fermentation before
consumption as medicinal food or folk functional food
o LA fermentation followed by acetic acid and alcoholic fermentation in terms of
popularity
o Specific taxa are used as starter culture ingredients to ferment dairy products
- Fruit “sodas”
o Cornus mas L., cornaceae
o Rosa canina L., Rosaceae
o Prunus spinosa L., Rosaceae
- Ethnozymology not only enhances food security but is integral to food sovereignty
- Future word should assess the impact of traditional probiotic folk functional foods on
health
o Include invisible biota (environmental microbiome) via TEK framework
Wild Flora/Fungi in Pantelleria, Italy (Circum-Sicilian island)
- 1969 v. 45 years later: investigate TEK
- Specchio di Venere
- Pantescan gardens
- Olive groves
- Zibibbo grapes: passito wine
- Caperi
o Capparis spinose subsp. rupestris (Sm.) Nyman, Capparaceae
o LA fermentation of flower buds in salt to make capers
- Methods
o PIC of community governance and individuals
o 42 informants
§ median age 64
§ 59.5% female, 40.5% male
o booklet composed of 28 fungi, 93 plants
- Results
o Galt/Galt: 107 specific uses of local botanical taxa
o Out of these, 45 weren’t quoted by informants in 2014 survey, loss of 42% of uses
documented 45 years ago
o Additional 235 specific uses of local flora and fungi were recorded in present
study which were not included in original study
o 95 plant taxa, 17 fungal taxa: 44 and 9 plant and fungal families were cited by
study
o data on 2124 use citations were collected: 297 distinct levels of knowledge
regarding specific taxa
- Informant Consensus Factor
o High Fic values (near 1.0): when one or a few species are reported to be used by a
large proportion of informants for a particular category
o Lower Fic values: informants disagree over which taxa to use
o Food, household, ethnoveterinary the highest Fic
- Basket Weaving for Agricultural and Fishing Tools
- Daphne gnidium L., Thymelaeceae (stinging nettle)
- Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. , Cactaceae: prickly pear/indian fig
o Food, medicine, hunting tool
- Malva arborea (L.) Webb/Berthel
- Conclusions
o TEK concerning wild foods, household, and ethnoveterinary applications is
widespread
o Wild plants/fungi still are collected and eaten
o Knowledge but not practice of historical maritime applications
§ Ex. Fish poisons, boat construction, fiber dyes
o Loss of detail in plants used in spiritual healing
§ Ex. Use of Ruta chalapensis
The Incredible Edible Fruit Tree: Robby Astrove
- Trees are Important à Environmental, Social, Economic Benefits
o Shade/cooling
o Food, shelter,water
o Reduce global warming impacts
o Improve air quality
o Reduce noise, create intimate spaces
o Reduce crime
o Trees are beautiful, inspire us
o Improve recovery from illness
o Promote community pride and bring people together
o Increases biological diversity, adds cover
o Ecological services
§ Soil building
§ Pollination
§ Nutrients
o Food access, food security
§ Nutrients
§ Vitamins
§ Minerals
o Attracts people, birds, community building
o Entrepreneurial opps for citizens
o Best long term agricultural investment
o Abundance!
- Concrete Jungle
o Picks neglected produce from all over ATL, donates to homeless shelters/food
banks
o Volunteer run
o 60,000+ lbs donated
o 2800+ trees in database
o adventure picks
o ciderfest
o fruit app/electronic noises
o urban farm
o annual ramble/fruit tour
o pruning instruction/workshops
o orchard plantings
o abundance = generosity
- Donation Statistics
o 4165 lbs from 49 unique sources
§ all over ATL
§ pears largest, apples, berries/plums, mulberries, figs, blackberries
o Dog Head Farms
§ Tomatoes, turnips, lettuce/vegetables, etc.
o July-Sept highest donation times
- Concrete Jungle Takeaway
o There is food everywhere!
o Survival with no/low care
o Fruit trees in urban areas are productive
o Creative solution to harvest challenges
Document Summary
Food security: all people at all times have physical/economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Food sovereignty: right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. Zymology: relevant to food production, incorporates specific, known starter culture organisms. Ethnozymology: science of fermentation in traditional diets, referring to integration of tek in fermentation by using native microbiota found on the plant ingredients and from other natural sources. Fermentation advantages: reduces toxicity/undesirable elements of raw product, improves digestibility/nutrient availability, enriches food w vitamins and amino acids, reduces cooking time, salvages food waste, improves shelf life and decreases spoilage. Methods: gorani tek on fermentation for production of medicinal and folk functional foods w health benefits, explore implications for local food sovereignty/security, 44 informants.
