BIOL 142 Study Guide - Final Guide: Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Heritability, Heredity

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4 Jul 2018

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happens steadily

speciation factors:

1) amount of variation initially present

2)reproductive barriers

3)heritability of new characters

4)population size and reproductive capacity

5)NS pressures

Laws of Transformism

introduced by Lamarck

Transformism: acquired characteristics

1)individuals that develop characteristics can passs them on to offspring

2)use/loss of characteristcs

Darwin's 5 observations

1) overproduction

2)population sizes are stable

3) limited resources

4) variation

5) much variation is heritable

Darwin's 3 inferences

1) there is a "struggle for existence"

2) survival and reproduction are not random but depend on heredity characteristics of

individual

3) variants best suited to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and

pass on to kids

why is genetic variability important for evolution?

the more variation in a population the more likely some traits are going to be best suited

for that particular environment, thus causing evolution

why is Natural Selection not random?

animals that are best fit (suited for the environment) survive. Favor certain traits that

may already exist in population

Why is natural selection not goal oriented ?

the most intelligent or strongest may not always be the species to live. Population

cannot determine which traits to have.

Sean Carroll

is an evolutionary developmental biologist, author, educator and executive producer. He

is the Allan Wilson Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at the University of

Wisconsin-Madison. His studies focus on the evolution of cis-regulatory elements in the

regulation of gene expression in the context of biological development, using Drosophila

as a model system.

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Document Summary

Happens steadily speciation factors: amount of variation initially present. 1)individuals that develop characteristics can passs them on to offspring. 2)population sizes are stable: limited resources, variation, much variation is heritable. Favor certain traits that may already exist in population. Why is natural selection not goal oriented ? the most intelligent or strongest may not always be the species to live. Sean carroll is an evolutionary developmental biologist, author, educator and executive producer. He is the allan wilson professor of molecular biology and genetics at the university of.

Related Questions

Describe the theory of natural selection Which of thefollowing BEST describes the theory of natural selection? CHOOSEONE

	1 The genetic make-up of apopulation gradually changes from one generation to the next.
	2 Living organisms change overtime.
	3 Each species produces many moreoffspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspringthat do survive contain genes that are inherited from theparents.
	4 There is variation among themembers of a species. Some of this variation is geneticallydetermined and so can be passed on to future generations.
	5 Some individuals have genes thatincrease their chances for survival and reproduction. Theseindividuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes,causing their genes to become more common in the nextgeneration.
	6 There is a struggle for existenceamong the members of a population.

amberleopard326

The Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ________________.

		mass extinction
		evolutionary stasis
		a large meteor impact
		adaptive radiation

1 points

QUESTION 2

Most animals are viviparous.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 3

The first phylum with ganglia in their nervous system are the ________________________.

		Mollusca
		Nematoda
		Bivalvia
		Platyhelminthes

1 points

QUESTION 4

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a _____________________.

		a unicellular worm
		multicellular algae
		flagellated protist
		multicellular fungus

1 points

QUESTION 5

You are given an unknown organism to identify. It is unicellular and heterotrophic. It is motile by use of many short extensions of the cytoplasm. It has well-developed organelles and two nuclei, one large, one small. The organism is most likely to be a ______________.

		foraminifera
		radiolarian
		ciliate
		flagellate

1 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

		A mollusc
		A nematode
		A platyhelminth
		Not enough information to determine.

1 points

QUESTION 7

If the animal is a hermaphrodite, it is said to be _______________.

		dioecious
		eutelic
		monoecious
		trioecious

1 points

QUESTION 8

A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange and segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature ____________.

		eight legs
		two pairs of antennae
		a sessile lifecycle
		an open circulatory system

1 points

QUESTION 9

The Phylum Echinodermata exhibits metamerism.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The existence of evolutionary trends, such as increasing body sizes among horse species, is evidence that _____.

		a larger volume-to-surface area ratio is adaptive in many mammals
		evolution generally progresses toward some goal
		evolution tends toward increased complexity or increased size
		in particular environments, similar adaptations can be beneficial to more than one species

1 points

QUESTION 11

Suppose you are a researcher fro a pest-control company and you develop a chemical that inhibits the develpment of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following would cause the pesticide to work?

		The mosquito would develop a weak exoskeleton, making it easy prey.
		The mosquito's gut would not function properly and it would starve.
		The mosquito would not have a properly functioning muscular system.
		Nothing would happen and your experiment would be a failure.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Holometabolis refers to complete metamorphosis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 13

Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.

		Condition 1 only
		Condition 2 only
		Conditions 1 and 2
		Conditions 2 and 3

1 points

QUESTION 14

Scientific theories _____. 22.3

		are nearly the same things as hypotheses
		are supported by, and make sense of, many observations
		cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once
		are predictions of future events

1 points

QUESTION 15

The evolution of animal species and their diversity is a result of the evolution of new and different ways to _______________.

		reproduce
		arrange their cells into tissues
		become symmetrical
		form an embyro and establish a basic body plan

BIOL 142 Study Guide - Final Guide: Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Heritability, Heredity

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