CGS NS 202 Study Guide - Final Guide: Henipavirus, Middle Age
16 May 2018
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o A= affluence
o T= technology
o Population: individuals need space and resources and produce waste
o Affluence: per capita resource use
o Tech: allows increased exploitation of resources
• Demography
o All population principles apply to humans
▪ Environmental factors limit population growth
▪ The environment has a carrying capacity for humans
o Humans can raise the environments carrying capacity through tech.
▪ 1-33 billion
▪ Population growth can continue forever
• Population Growth Depends on Various Factors
o Whether a population grows, shrinks, or remains stable depends on:
▪ Rates of birth, death and migration
▪ Birth and immigrationà add individuals
▪ Death and emigration remove people
o Tech. advance led to decrease in human death rates
▪ Widening the gap in birth/death rates result in population expansion
• Factors Affecting Total Fertility Rate
o TFR: the average number of children born per female
o Replacement fertility: TPR that keeps the size of a population stable
▪ Humans: 2.1
▪ Urbanization decreases TFR
▪ Access to medical care
▪ Greater educating allows women to enter labor force with less emphasis on child rearing
• Natural rate of population change: population change due to birth and death rates alone
o Countries with good sanitation, health care, and food, people live longer (higher life expectancy)
• The Demographic Transition
o The Demographic Transition: a model of economic and cultural change to explain the declining birth and
death rates in industrialized nations
o Stable pre-industrial state of high birth and death rates changes to a stable postindustrial state of low birth/date
rates.
▪ As mortality decreasesà less need for large families and now invest in quality of life
▪ High birth/ low death rateà population growth occurs
• 4 stages of Demographic Transition
o Pre-industrial: birth rate and death rate are high
o Transitional stage: death rate declines due to increased food production and improved Medicare
o Industrial: birth rate declines due to increased opportunities for women and access to birth control
o Post Industrial: birth rate and death rate are low
• Demographic Transition could fail in cultures that:
o Place greater value on children or grant women fewer freedom
o Where lack of knowledge of contraceptives
o Poverty is rampant and not declining
• 1918 Spanish Flu Influenza attacked in 3 waves
o Younger generation
o Middle age
o Elderly
o W shaped
o Killed 50-100 million
• Hendra virus:
o HeV→ causes serious diseases in humans and horses
o Host: fruit bats
o Symptoms: mid influenza like illness to fatal respiratory and neurological disease
• Ebola:
o Fata 50%
o Human to human transmission
o Central Africa
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
A= affluence, t= technology, population: individuals need space and resources and produce waste, affluence: per capita resource use, tech: allows increased exploitation of resources, demography, all population principles apply to humans, environmental factors limit population growth. The environment has a carrying capacity for humans: humans can raise the environments carrying capacity through tech. As mortality decreases less need for large families and now invest in quality of life. 4 stages of demographic transition: pre-industrial: birth rate and death rate are high, transitional stage: death rate declines due to increased food production and improved medicare, post industrial: birth rate and death rate are low.
