COG SCI 190 Study Guide - Final Guide: Universal Turing Machine, Colorless Green Ideas Sleep Furiously, Physical Symbol System
18 Dec 2013
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Document Summary
Two sources of knowledge: objects of sensation (colors, tastes, etc) and the operations of our minds (reflection, thinking, doubting) Children acquire knowledge gradually by degrees, something not predicted by theory of innate knowledge: leibniz (on locke): experience is necessary but insufficient; need some innate knowledge. On necessary truths: no matter how many times something occurs (instances) one cannot establish a universal truth (apple falls to the ground 100 times but one cannot be certain it always will) Veins in the marble: induction: bottom-up logic, set of observations that create a general law, deduction: top-down reasoning, conclusion follows directly from evidence given. Syllogism: premises (statement a and statement b) that result in a conclusion different from the premises (statement c) ie given all as are bs and all bs are cs then all as are cs. Aristotle s achievement: determined the validity of syllogisms, categorized them, and reduced some to proofs. Leibniz: fundamentally optimistic, benevolent god, criticized in.
