SOSC 1375 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Homeostasis, Rankl, Endochondral Ossification
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
6
Student: _______________________________________________________________________________________
1
.
Im
p
ortant functions of the skeletal s
y
stem include
A.
p
rotection of the brain and soft or
g
ans
.
B. stora
g
e of water
.
C.
p
roduction of Vitamin E
.
D.
r
egulation of aci
d
-
b
ase balance
.
E. inte
g
ration of other s
y
stems
.
2
.
A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
A.
ap
oneurosis
.
B. ligament
.
C.
b
ursa
.
D.
ep
im
y
sium
.
E. tendon
.
3
.
Li
g
aments attac
h
A.
m
uscle to muscle
.
B.
b
one to bone
.
C.
m
uscle to bone
.
D.
n
erve to bone
.
E. nerve to muscle
.
4
.
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone
?
A. su
pp
ort
B.
m
ovement
C. immunit
y
D.
c
alcium stora
g
e
E.
b
lood cell formatio
n
5
.
Chondroblasts
p
roduce
A.
l
igaments
.
B. cartilage matrix
.
C.
b
one tissue
.
D.
b
lood cells
.
E. synovial fluid
.
6
.
The t
yp
e of cartila
g
e associated with bone function and develo
p
ment is
A.
e
lastic cartila
g
e
.
B. fibrocartila
g
e
.
C.
h
yaline cartilage
.
D.
i
nterstitial cartilage
.
E. osteocartila
g
e
.
7
.
The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the
A.
m
atrix
.
B. chondrocyte
.
C. li
g
amentous cord
.
D.
l
acuna
.
E.
p
erichondrium
.
8
.
Cartila
g
e
A.
i
s composed of osteons
.
B. is surrounded b
y
a membrane called the
p
eriosteum
.
C. contains chondroc
y
tes located in lacunae
.
D.
d
oes not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels
.
E. is well vascularized
.
9
.
A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the
A.
e
ndosteum
.
B.
p
erichondrium
.
C.
p
eriosteum
.
D.
ep
i
p
h
y
seal line
.
E. li
g
ament
.
10
.
Proteo
g
l
y
can molecules in the matrix of cartila
g
e
A.
r
eplace collagen fibers in the matrix
.
B. give cartilage its resilient nature
.
C. fill the lacunae
.
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42
D.
m
ake the perichondrium very stretchable
.
E. make cartila
g
e hard and com
p
act
.
11
.
Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water
?
A.
c
olla
g
e
n
B.
p
roteoglyca
n
C.
h
yaluronic aci
d
D.
e
lasti
n
E. chondroc
y
tes
12
.
In a
pp
ositional
g
rowth of cartila
g
e
,
A.
c
hondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside
.
B.
n
ew chondroc
y
tes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue
.
C. osteoblasts re
p
lace the chondroblasts
.
D.
t
he tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow
.
E. the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue
.
13
.
Colla
g
en and calcium h
y
drox
y
a
p
atite are the
p
rimar
y
constituents o
f
A.
b
one matrix
.
B.
hy
aline cartila
g
e
.
C. fibrous cartilage
.
D.
l
igaments
.
E.
b
lood
.
14
.
The compression (weight-
b
earing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence o
f
A.
e
lastin fibers
.
B. collagenase
.
C.
hy
drox
y
a
p
atite cr
y
stals
.
D.
c
olla
g
en fibers
.
E.
b
one marrow
.
15
.
The
p
ro
p
ortion of colla
g
en to h
y
drox
y
a
p
atite in bone determines the
A.
t
hickness of the bone
.
B. len
g
th of the bone
.
C. stren
g
th of the bone
.
D.
a
bility of the bone to heal
.
E.
g
rowth rate of bone
.
16
.
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the
A.
o
steoclast
.
B. osteoblast
.
C. chondrocyte
.
D.
o
steoc
y
te
.
E. chondroblast
.
17
.
Which of the followin
g
cell t
yp
es is res
p
onsible for breakin
g
down bone matrix
?
A.
c
hondroclas
t
B. osteoclast
C. chondroblas
t
D.
f
ibroblast
E. osteocyte
18
.
What are the maintenance cells in bone tissue
?
A.
o
steoc
y
tes
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoclasts
D.
c
hondrocytes
E. osteochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cells
19
.
The primary function of osteoblasts is to
A.
p
revent osteoc
y
tes from formin
g.
B.
r
esorb bone along the epiphyseal plate
.
C. inhibit the
g
rowth of bone
.
D. stimulate bone
g
rowth
.
E. lay down bone matrix
.
20
.
Which of the followin
g
is correctl
y
matched
?
A.
o
steocytes - function in bone remodelin
g
B. osteoclasts - res
p
onsible for resor
p
tio
n
C. osteoblasts - break down bone tissue
D.
e
ndosteum - lines central canal of the osteo
n
E.
p
eriosteum - lines the medullar
y
cavit
y
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42
21
.
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix
?
A.
Hy
dro
g
en ions form an acid environment in bone matrix
.
B. Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans
.
C. The protein components of bone matrix are digested
.
D.
Ca
2+ is activel
y
trans
p
orted from bone matrix to the blood
.
E. Blood calcium is elevated
.
22
.
The
p
rimar
y
mineral in bone is
A. sodium
.
B. ox
yg
en
.
C. calcium
.
D.
p
otassium
.
E. iron
.
23
.
Which type of bone cells package calcium and phosphate ions
?
A.
o
steochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoc
y
tes
D.
o
steoclasts
24
.
Which type of bone cells combine hydroxyapatite and collagen to form extracellular bone matrix
?
A.
o
steochondral progenitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
25
.
Which t
yp
e of bone cells
g
ive rise to osteoblasts
?
A.
o
steochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D.
o
steoclasts
26
.
Which type of bone cells have ruffled borders and secrete acids
?
A.
o
steochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D.
o
steoclasts
27
.
Which type of bone cells are large cells that form from fusion of monocytes
?
A.
o
steochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D.
o
steoclasts
28
.
Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes
?
A.
o
steochondral
p
ro
g
enitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoc
y
tes
D.
o
steoclasts
29
.
Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae
?
A.
o
steochondral progenitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoc
y
tes
D.
o
steoclasts
30
.
Which t
yp
e of bone cells have
p
rocesses that lie in canaliculi
?
A.
o
steochondral progenitor cel
l
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoc
y
tes
D.
o
steoclasts
31
.
Which of the followin
g
is associated with osteoclast resor
p
tion of bone
?
A.
H
ydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix
.
B. Osteoblasts form colla
g
en and
p
roteo
g
l
y
cans
.
C. The
p
rotein com
p
onents of bone matrix are s
y
nthesized
.
D.
Ca
2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix.
E. Blood calcium is decreased
.
32
.
Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone resorption calle
d
A.
c
analiculi
.
B. lacunae
.
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