ADMS 3530 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Trust Law, Life Annuity, Peer Pressure

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mag0sea

26 Apr 2017

School

York University

Department

Administrative Studies

Course

ADMS 3530

Professor

King Lois

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Document Summary

Risk & return trade off = ppl will always choose lower risk, unless there is a high return to compensate. ***1st fundamental principle in investment = higher the risk, higher the expected. Diversification = putting money into a broad basket of different investments (lowers risk exposure) ***2nd basic principle of investment = avoid putting all of your investment in one kind/type. Market / systematic are undiversifiable (risks of all economic conditions) -low correlation is good for diversification. Market timing = move money into the investment type when value is low & sell at highest point (keep on doing this) Asset allocation = diversify between different types of investments (make a portfolio with your desired risk-return mix) Mutual funds = ppl with modest savings can benefit from knowledge & most investment products in recent yrs. Efficient market = current stock ps always reflect all info of a company/industry/economy.

Related Questions

Hi guys could someone help me and explain in detail the two fundamental principles of investments â the risk/return tradeoff and diversification. Also, describe how asset allocation and the correlation of various securities within asset classes impact the riskiness of an investorâs portfolio.

I found an answer but it seems to me very long and not sure about it so can you help me out guys

ANS:

Risk /Return Tradeoff

Risk, return and liquidity are three dimensions of investment decision. Risk/Return trade off considers two dimension ie risk and return. As risk of an investment increases , its expected return will decrease. Risk is measured by volatility of return which can be statistically obtained by standard deviation of return. Higher the standard deviation, higher will be volatility of return and higher the risk

Risk can be also measured as a relative risk compared to the market. This is measured by stock beta with reference to a market index. Higher the beta, higher the value of stock Beta, higher will be the risk .

Investors seeking higher return will need to take higher risks.

Treasury bonds are almost risk free assets. This has the lowest rate of return. Stocks have higher risk , hence have higher expected return. High beta stocks will have higher risk and higher returns.

An investor should understand his risk taking ability and will have to make a trade off between risk and return depending on his risk apetite.

Diversification:

There is a saying, do not put all your eggs in one basket. The reason is that it has higher risk if all eggs are in one basket. If the eggs are distributed in different basket, risk of loss decreases.

Same principle is applied in investment. Diversification reduces risk.

If one invests in different classes of assets like bonds, stock, commodities and properties âhis risk is likely to reduce. Reduction in return in one asset is likely to be compensated by return in other asset.

Within one class of asset also, there should be diversification to reduce risk.

For example one stock âA âmay have expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 5%.This risk can be reduced by diversification in number of assets and the ratio of Risk/return can be decreased.

If we diversify and instead of investing 100% in stock A, we invest 60% in âAâ and 40% in another stock âBâ having expected return15% and standard deviation of 8%.assume the correlation between the two assets are 0.5

Portfolio return=wa*Ra+wb*Rb

Wa=Weight of asset A=0.6

Wb=Weight of asset B=0.4

Ra=Return of A=10%

Rb=Return of B=15%

Sa=Standard deviation of A=5%

Sb=Standard deviation of B=8%

Corr(a,b)=Correlation of A & B=0.2

Portfolio return=0.6*10+0.4*15=12%

Portfolio Variance=(wa^2)*(Sa^2)+(wb^2)*(Sb^2)+2wa*wb*Cov(a,b)

Cov(a,b)=Corr(a,b)*Sa*Sb=0.1*5*8=4

Portfolio Variance=(0.6^2)*(5^2)+(0.4^2)*(8^2)+2*0.6*0.8*4=23.08

Portfolio standard deviation=Square root of Variance=(23.08^0.5)=4.8%

The diversification has increased return and reduced risk

Stock A was giving 10% return with 5% standard deviation. With diversification of portfolio we have 12% return and 4.8% standard deviation. Risk return ratio is decreased.

It may be noted that, higher the correlation between assets in the portfolio, higher will be risk in terms of standard deviation. Hence it is better to diversify with uncorrelated assets.

Diversification reduces unsystematic risk,but it cannot reduce systematic risk of overall market or economy

Question 18

1. Which of the following does an efficient portfolio do?

1. Maximizes risk for a given return.

2. Minimizes risk for a given return.

3. Maximizes return for a given level of risk.

4. Minimizes return for a given level of risk.

	a.	1 and 3.
	b.	1 and 4.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	2 and 4.

3 points

Question 19

1. The security market line does not:

	a.	Indicate the relationship between risk and return.
	b.	Relate the market return and beta to a stock's return.
	c.	Identify the optimal portfolio for the investor.
	d.	Use beta coefficients as a measure of risk.

3 points

Question 20

1. Mutual funds ____ realized capital gains and income (for example, dividends received):

	a.	Retain.
	b.	Reinvest.
	c.	Distribute.
	d.	Distribute or reinvest.

2 points

Question 21

1. An index fund limits its portfolio to:

	a.	High quality securities.
	b.	Stocks that respond to changes in the consumer price index.
	c.	Stocks included in an aggregate measure of stock prices.
	d.	Stocks of firms in a particular industry.

2 points

Question 22

1. Mutual funds with beta coefficients greater than 1.0:

	a.	Have outperformed the market.
	b.	Have underperformed the market.
	c.	Have more systematic risk than the market.
	d.	Have less systematic risk than the market.

3 points

Question 23

1. Which of the following will tend to cause a stock's price to fall?

1. The firms beta declines.

2. The firms beta increases.

3. The risk-free rate declines.

4. The risk-free rate increases.

	a.	1 and 3.
	b.	1 and 4.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	2 and 4.

2 points

Question 24

1. The use of P/E ratios to select stocks suggests that:

	a.	High P/E stocks should be purchased.
	b.	Low P/E ratio stocks are overvalued.
	c.	A stock should be purchased if it is selling near its historic low P/E.
	d.	A stock should be purchased if it is selling near its historic high P/E.

2 points

Question 25

1. What does the efficient market hypothesis require?

1. Financial markets to be competitive.

2. Prices to adjust rapidly.

3. Prices of undervalued securities to fall.

	a.	1 and 2.
	b.	1 and 3.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	All of these choices.

3 points

Question 26

1. Which of the following does the strong form of the efficient market hypothesis suggest?

1. Inside information will not lead to superior investment results.

2. Inside information will lead to superior investment results.

3. Studying financial statements will not lead to superior investment results.

4. Studying financial statements will lead to superior investment results.

	a.	1 and 3.
	b.	1 and 4.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	2 and 4.

3 points

Question 27

1. Which of the following is the least broad-based measure of stock prices?

	a.	NASDAQ market index.
	b.	Dow Jones industrial average.
	c.	S&P 500 stock index.
	d.	AMEX market value index.

3 points

Question 28

1. What is dollar-cost averaging?

	a.	Periodically buying a round lot of stock.
	b.	Periodically investing a specified dollar amount in a stock.
	c.	A means to increase the average cost basis.
	d.	A means to ensure a positive return.

2 points

Question 29

1. Stock dividends cause:

	a.	The price of a share of stock to rise.
	b.	The price of a share of stock to fall.
	c.	The value of the firm to rise.
	d.	The value of the firm to fall.

2 points

Question 30

1. Which of the following occurs when a stock has a two-for-one split?

	a.	The price of the stock doubles.
	b.	The firm's assets increase.
	c.	The firm's liabilities decrease.
	d.	The par value of the stock is reduced.

3 points

Question 31

1. Dividend reinvestment plans offer which of the following advantages?

1. Deferment of federal income taxes.

2. A convenient means to accumulate shares.

3. Dollar-cost averaging.

	a.	1 and 2.
	b.	1 and 3.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	2.

3 points

Question 32

1. When the Federal Reserve seeks to expand the money supply, it:

	a.	Sells securities.
	b.	Buy securities.
	c.	Runs a deficit.
	d.	Runs a surplus.

2 points

Question 33

1. The sum of cash, currency, and demand deposits is:

	a.	M1.
	b.	M2.
	c.	M3.
	d.	M4.

3 points

Question 34

1. If the Federal Reserve lowers the target federal funds rate:

	a.	The discount rate rises.
	b.	Liquidity in the banking system is increased.
	c.	Security prices fall.
	d.	Required reserves are also decreased.

3 points

Question 35

1. The anticipation of inflation suggests that the investor should:

	a.	Buy bonds.
	b.	Anticipate higher interest rates.
	c.	Avoid real estate investments.
	d.	Sell stocks of gold companies.

3 points

Question 36

1. The current ratio is unaffected by:

	a.	Using cash to pay a dividend.
	b.	The collection of an account receivable.
	c.	Selling inventory for a profit.
	d.	Selling bonds and using the funds to finance inventory.

2 points

Question 37

1. Which of the following are true as the debt ratio increases?

1. Fewer assets are debt financed.

2. More assets are debt financed.

3. The ratio of debt equity increases.

4. The ratio of debt equity decreases.

	a.	1 and 3.
	b.	1 and 4.
	c.	2 and 3.
	d.	2 and 4.

2 points

Question 38

1. The technical approach suggests that future stock prices are forecasted by:

	a.	Past stock rates.
	b.	Financial ratios.
	c.	Accounting statements.
	d.	Monetary policy.

2 points

Question 39

1. The Dogs of the Dow strategy:

	a.	Forecasts the direction of the Dow Jones averages.
	b.	Suggests buying the Dow stocks with the highest dividend yields.
	c.	Outperforms the S&P 500.
	d.	Suggests buying the lowest-priced Dow stocks.

3 points

Question 40

1. Behavioral finance combines aspects from which two fields in an attempt to identify human traits that affect investment decisions?

	a.	Accounting and finance.
	b.	Finance and psychology.
	c.	Physics and finance.
	d.	Finance and marketing.

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ADMS 3530 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Trust Law, Life Annuity, Peer Pressure

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