PS101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Neuroglia, Axon Terminal, Cell Nucleus
Document Summary
Glia- cells found throughout the nervous system that provide structural support, nourishment, and insulation for neurons. Neurons- individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. Soma/cell body- contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells. Dendrites- parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. Axon- long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands. Myelin sheath- insulating material, derived from glial cells, that encases some axons. (speeds up the transmission of signals that move along axons) Synapse- junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another. Neural impulse is a complex electrochemical reaction. Both inside and outside the neuron are fluids containing electrically charged atoms and molecules called ions. Neuron is a tiny battery, a store of potential energy. If voltage of neuron remains constant, the cell is quiet and no messages are being sent.
