PO217 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Spurious Relationship, Causal Inference, Null Hypothesis
Document Summary
Applied research: a term often used in contrast to pure research or basic research to indicate that the research addresses a problem or topic in the real world. Basic research: research conducted to increase understanding of the world, whether or not the results of the research have immediate or obvious applications; often used in contrast to applied research. Causality: the relationship between two events, in which one is a consequence of the other (i. e. cause-and-effect relationship) Concept: an abstract idea that represents or symbolizes a quality. Correlation: the measurement or observation of a common variation among multiple concepts or measures; can exist without a causal relationship. Ecological fallacy: the assumption that group-level patterns imply individual-level patterns. Inductive reasoning: a type of reasoning that bases conclusions on the presence of empirical evidence; evidence is used for theory development, observations empirical generalizations hypothesis. Negative correlation: a relationship between two variables in which increases in one are associated with decreases in the other.
