Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Stimulant Psychosis, Hypnotic Induction, Drug Tolerance
3 Jun 2018
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Facts about Drug Addiction and Dependence
• Drug tolerance does not always lead to significant withdrawal at typical doses
• Substance dependence can occur even without tolerance or withdrawal
• Physiological dependence is not the major cause of drug addiction
Depressants
• Decrease nervous system activity
• Alcohol – most widely used recreational drug in numerous countries
o Increases activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
o Alcohol myopia – shortsightedness in thinking caused by inability to pay
attention
• Barbiturates (sleeping pills) and Tranquilizers (anti-anxiety drugs) – used as sedatives
and relaxants
o Depress the nervous system by increasing activity of inhibitory
neurotransmitters
Stimulants
• Increase neural firing and arouse the nervous system
• Amphetamines – increase dopamine and norepinephrine activity
o Amphetamine psychosis – schizophrenia-like hallucinations and delusions that
ou he the ai’s dopaie atiity is atifiially ieased fa eyod
normal levels by heavy amphetamine use
o Ecstasy primarily alters serotonin functioning by causing release and blocking
reuptake of it
• Cocaine – increases activity of norepinephrine and dopamine by blocking reuptake
Other Drugs
• Opiates (morphine, codeine, heroin) are drugs derived from opium
o Bind to and stimulate receptors normally activated by endorphins
o Relieve pain and cause intense euphoria
• Hallucinogens (LSD) – powerful mind altering drugs that produce hallucinations
• Marijuana – THC binds to receptors on neurons throughout the brain
Hypnosis
• Hypnosis – state of heightened suggestibility in which some people are able to
experience imagined test suggestions as if they were real
• Hypnotic induction – process by which one person leads another person into hypnosis
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