Physiology 2130- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 102 pages long!)
30 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Physiology: the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts, the body is in constant interaction with the external environment, some organ systems are continuous with the external environment. Topic 1: excitable cell: respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, homeostasis: the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. Fluid outside the cell (interstitial fluid and plasma) Functions of the cell membrane: physical isolation, regulation of exchange within the environment, communication between the cell and its environment. Functions of membrane proteins i. ion channels (move ions into the cell) ii. enzymes (reaction catalysts) iii. receptors (chemical signaling) iv. membrane carriers (ie. transportation of glucose) Mechanisms of membrane transport i. endocytosis/exocytosis: phagocytosis of small molecules ii. diffusion through lipid bilayer: fat soluble molecules iii. diffusion through protein channels: water soluble molecules iv. facilitated diffusion: large bulky molecules v. active transport: to move molecules against their concentration gradient, requires atp.
