Pathology 3240A Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Epithelium, Dna, Carcinoma

• School: Western University
• Department: Pathology
• Course: Pathology 3240A
• Professor: Cheryl Campbell

Document Summary

Everything that you see in a patient has a root cause at the cellular level. Every cell comes from another cell like it. Cells are constantly adjusting to accommodate extracellular stresses (maintains homeostasis) Maintain a fairly narrow physiological range (requires energy) Parts of the cell susceptible to cell injury and cell death: Cytoplasm: protein synthesis (rer, ser, golgi), mitochondria, lysosomes, proteasomes, cytoskeleton. Cell/plasma membrane: ionic flux, maintaining chemical/electrical gradients, transport in and out, receptors. If the environmental changes exceed the capacity of the cell to maintain homeostasis, the cell gets injury which leads to cell death. Myocytes encounter increased resistance in the valve as they attempt to pump blood to the rest of the body. Myocytes adapt to the increased load by getting bigger (hypertrophy), but their adaptation leads to disease. Myocytes are not receiving sufficient oxygen supply but continues to pump blood, causing them to undergo cell injury and eventually cell death.