Kinesiology 2032A/B Final: Research Methods Final Exam notes.docx

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plumwoodchuck41

27 Oct 2014

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Epidemiology (cid:224) the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this last study to the control of health problems (last, 1988) Pattern (cid:224) refers to characteristics related to various categories, often useful in developing hypothesis about risk factors for a disease: person age, gender, sex, place urban, rural, time annual, seasonal, daily pattern. Because a portion of the population chooses to drink while another portion chooses not to drink, researchers can use these naturally occurring differences in a population to understand the effect of specific disease outcomes. These studies are used to provide a scientific backbone for public health endeavors: 1. Provide quantitative guidance for allocation of public resources: 4. Monitoring effectiveness of prevention strategies using population wide surveillance programs (caspersen 1989) Types of epidemiological designs (1) descriptive or (2) analytical.

Related Questions

The Whitehall study is a ground-breaking longitudinal (prospective cohort) study that clearly demonstrated the association between social determinants of health (the social gradient) and morbidity and mortality (cardiovascular disease) in a population of British civil servants (Breeze et al., 2001; Chandola et al., 2008; Marmot et al., 1978).

In no more than 1,000 words please address the following short-answer questions: ï·

What is the sampling frame for each phase of the Whitehall study (Whitehall I and II)? ï·

How was disease risk assessed (both in data collection and analysis) in each of the three studies, and why? ï·

To what extent can the results of each of the three studies can be generalised to other populations (include reasons for your answer)?

ï· Would it be feasible to conduct a similar study in Australia using an existing cohort such as the 45 and up study cohort, or the Australian Womenâs longitudinal study cohort? Why or why not?

Assessment criteria ï· Knowledge and understanding of prospective cohort studies ï· Knowledge and understanding of social determinants of health ï· Knowledge an understanding of the concepts of sampling and bias ï· Use of mathematical concepts to describe sampling frame and disease risk ï· Interpretation of the findings of the Whitehall study and its generalisability to other populations ï· Academic presentation including accurate referencing using APA style

In no more than 1,000 words please address the following short-answer questions:

What is the sampling frame for each phase of the Whitehall study (Whitehall I and II)?

ï· How was disease risk assessed (both in data collection and analysis) in each of the three studies, and why?

ï· To what extent can the results of each of the three studies can be generalised to other populations (include reasons for your answer)?

ï· Would it be feasible to conduct a similar study in Australia using an existing cohort such as the 45 and up study cohort, or the Australian Womenâs longitudinal study cohort? Why or why not?

Additional Resources for Assessment 2

SAX Institute. (n.d.). 45 and up study. http://www.saxinstitute.org.au/our-work/45-up-study/

Australian Longitudinal study on Womenâs Health. http://www.alswh.org.au/

Whitehall II (also known as the Stress & Health Study). Retrieved from http://www.ucl.ac.uk/whitehallII

Assessment criteria

ï· Knowledge and understanding of prospective cohort studies

ï· Knowledge and understanding of social determinants of health

ï· Knowledge an understanding of the concepts of sampling and bias

ï· Use of mathematical concepts to describe sampling frame and disease risk

ï· Interpretation of the findings of the Whitehall study and its generalisability to other populations

ï· Academic presentation including accurate referencing using APA style

The Whitehall study is a groundâbreaking longitudinal (prospective cohort) study that clearly demonstrated the association between social determinants of health (the social gradient) and morbidity and mortality (cardiovascular disease) in a population of British civil servants (Breeze et al., 2001; Chandola et al., 2008; (Marmot et al., 1978).

Read these papers and answer the following questions

Question : Select all that apply:

When we consider whether we can generalise the results of these studies to other populations, we need to consider:

a. The gender distribution of the population

b. Ethnic diversity within the population

c. Economic similarity of the population

d. The type of work done by the people in the population

e. Whether the population is in a rural or remote location

f. The class structure of the population

Question: Could we use an existing Australian research study cohort, such as the 45 and Up study, to explore the same things as explored in the Whitehall studies? Why/ why not?

Kinesiology 2032A/B Final: Research Methods Final Exam notes.docx

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