Geography 2090A/B Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Page 3, Moon, Earth
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Geography 2090A/B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Geography 2090A
1
Course Introduction
Why Space Exploration Matters
GPS
- In charge of Universal Time
- Air Traffic Control
- Traffic Management (New York, Toronto, etc) Traffic grids become manual
How might Satellites go down?
- Solar Flares
- Space Conflict
- Kessler Syndrome
If Satellites go down:
- All connections would be lost
- All flights would be grounded
- GPS signals lost
- No means of communication
Impacts
1. Communications
2. Earth Observation
3. Navigation
A day without Space-Based Earth Observation
- Weather radar
- Cloud imaging
- Surface mapping
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Geography 2090
Page 1
Lecture 2: The Space Race
Prologue: The Ancients (History of Astronomy)
Nicolaus Copernicus
- These ideas didt gai aeptae util the Europea ‘eaissae th-16th Centuries)
- Mid 16th century Polish Catholic cleric Nicolaus Copernicus began promoting heliocentrism (planets
revolve around the sun)
Johannes Kepler
- 1590s Kepler establishes fundamental laws of the solar system
Galileo Galilei
- 1610s Italian Astronomer further proved heliocentrism
Early Rockets
- Scientists in India and China developed rockets as early as the 13th century
- Bamboo tree trunk and gun powder
Prelude to the Space Age
- In the 1880s Russian High School Reach Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Robert Goddard
- 1920s US Physicist Robert Goddard built and launched the first liquid fuelled rockets (logic of fuel over
gun powder is that fuel will feed in slowly instead of burn everything at once)
- Goddard was heavily criticized for his ideas that rockets will be able to leave Earth
- It was assumed that a rocket wouldt ork i spae eause there is o atosphere to push agaist the
rocket
Werner von Braun
• WW2 essentially starts Space Age – U.S. and Germany were the most prominent in rocket development
• Von Braun was a graduate student working with rocketry, before Nazis were in power
• Whe Hitlers part started to eoe relai Gera, the ilitar as fudig roket researh to Vo
Braun (pitches allegiance to the German Army)
• 1933, after established Hitler and ideas are clear (Jewish massacre) Nazi realm
• Von Braun is pioneer of Space Age, wanted to work on rockets but did not leave Nazis or protest (however
many physicists left like Einstein) – showed no remorse towards working with the Nazis
• He worked with Nazis throughout the war, 15 ft tall rocket fuel that were launched to London killing many
• Nazis are losing near the end of the war, and it was too late for the rockets and war was ending
• Von Braun works with Americans over Russians, cuts a deal to bring rocket team to the United States, this
becomes known in the Cold War (he tried to hide that he was part of the SS)
• 1960s, the American public becomes aware that Von Braun lead of rocket research was helping the Nazis
• Link to controversial video that was satire towards Von Braun and his actions during WW2
• Von Braun scaled-up Goddards desigs aiized the apait of the produtio lie
• Nazi funding and resources to develop A rokets that ould pass through the edge of the atosphere
• Nazi offence versus the English in the latter part of WW2
• Operatio Paperlip
• U.S. was able to launch objects into space by 1946
• 1947 the U.S. launched fruit flies into space
• Jupiter C – evolves into Saturn V which brings us to the moon
Entering Space
• General approach is the carmonmine
• First ojet i spae is soeties osidered the A roket lauhed Vo Braus tea i Ot 9
• Sergi Korolev – Soviet citizen who was a prisoner during war → The Chief Desiger “oiet Vo Brau,
spent time in a Gulag, convinced Khrushchev (Russian President), argument was that everyone will see it
• Von Braun – wanted to go to Space and same with Khrushchev
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Traffic management (new york, toronto, etc) traffic grids become manual. These ideas did(cid:374)(cid:859)t gai(cid:374) a(cid:272)(cid:272)epta(cid:374)(cid:272)e u(cid:374)til the europea(cid:374) e(cid:374)aissa(cid:374)(cid:272)e (cid:894)(cid:1005)(cid:1009)th-16th centuries) Mid 16th century polish catholic cleric nicolaus copernicus began promoting heliocentrism (planets revolve around the sun) 1590s kepler establishes fundamental laws of the solar system. Scientists in india and china developed rockets as early as the 13th century. In the 1880s russian high school reach konstantin tsiolkovsky. 1920s us physicist robert goddard built and launched the first liquid fuelled rockets (logic of fuel over gun powder is that fuel will feed in slowly instead of burn everything at once) Goddard was heavily criticized for his ideas that rockets will be able to leave earth. It was assumed that a rocket would(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:449)ork i(cid:374) spa(cid:272)e (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause there is (cid:374)o at(cid:373)osphere to push agai(cid:374)st the rocket. 1960s, the american public becomes aware that von braun lead of rocket research was helping the nazis.
