Chemistry 2213A/B- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 67 pages long!)
28 Mar 2018
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Hydrocarbon chain which contain a halogen bonded to sp3 carbon (rx) General formula for a saturated haloalkane with only one halogen is cnh2n+1x: when calculating units of unsaturation, we treat x as an h. If we treat x as a hydrogen, then we have 8 total hydrogens. We can expect 2n+2 hydrogens in saturated form = 12h. 12 8 = 4h missing = 2 units of unsaturation. We can give the halogen group a degree depending on the number of carbons bonded to the carbon bearing the halogen group: 1 = one carbon, 2 = two carbons, 3 = three carbons. No such thing as 4 alkyl halides. Reactions of alkyl halides are strongly dependent on the type of alkyl halide. The halogens are much more electronegative than carbon contain dipoles: nucleophilic substitution. If the nucleophile is negatively charged, then the atom becomes neutral in the product.
