Chemistry 2213A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Nucleophilic Addition, Ketone, Aldehyde
31 Jan 2018
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Carbonyl group + hydroxyl group: often written as cooh or co2h (be able to recognize) Acidic (ionize in water) (react with base to form salt) Polar compounds with extensive hydrogen bonding: results in formation of dimers in solution, results in higher b. p. than alcohols. Carboxyl group is resistant to most reduction reactions. It can be reduced to 1o alcohol using only lialh4 followed by h2o: note: the ether is just a solvent, nabh4 and catakytic hydrogenation does not reduce carboxylic acids. When a molecule has multiple functional groups that can be reduced, carefully choosing the right reagents allows to reduce specific groups: decarboxylation of -keto acids. Decarboxylation is the loss of co2 from a carboxyl group. Occurs only in carboxylic acids with -keto group: carbonyl group in the position relative to carboxyl group, net: carboxyl group is replaced with a hydrogen.
