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Biology 1002B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Electrochemical Gradient, Noncoding Dna, Chemiosmosis

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sangriapanda814
24 Aug 2016
School
Western University
Department
Biology
Course
Biology 1002B
Professor
Tom Haffie

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Document Summary

Identify the paradox for why prokaryotes don"t develop complexity. if evolution simply requires time why have prokaryotes not developed morphological complexity for over 4 billion years. Relationship between surface area and volume as cells get larger. Proton motive force (pmf) : the amount of energy across a gradient: chemiosmotic potential to do work. Measured in mvolts watts influenced by the proton concentration difference across the membrane and the charge difference across the membrane: how much power generated by a cell was very important to the evolution of life. 4. 6mb (x2) = 9. 2 mb to support chemiosmotic units very small in size. 3. 8mb (x200 000) = 760 000 mb to support chemiosmotic units very large for a bacteria. 16000 bp (0. 016mb) (x200 000) = 3200mb of mitochondrial dna to support chemisomotic units. Note: around same size as epulopiscium but much less dna required to support chemiosmosis = more energy efficient. Dna since there was plenty of energy to maintain the cell.

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Related Questions

True or False????? HELP

1. In the field of epidemiology, increased prevalence of a disease in a population is the universal signal that disease control and treatment are not effective.

2. Cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes typically contain more proteins than cytoplasmic membranes of eukaryotes microorganisms.
3. Sanger (or dideoxy) DNA sequencing produces relatively short DNA sequence data, but is by far the least expensive DNA sequencing method currently available.
4. The (italicizes) abbreviation lac Z refers explicitly to the beta galactosidase protein/ enzyme.
5. Archaeal pathogens have been linked to some of the most virulent infectious diseases. 6. A bacterial mutant that is unable to make an amino acid required for growth (relative to its wild-type strain is termed an auxotroph.
7. When counting plaques to enumerate phage particles (as in the BIOL2026 Laboratory), the plaque represents lacK, not presence, of bacterial growth.
8. Because of competition with plant roots for nutrients, microbial numbers in the rhizosphere are typically much lower than in surrounding bulk soil.
9. Chemolithoautotrophy is the strategy that facilitates the existence of biological communities deep beneath the earth’s surface and near hydrothermal vents.

10. In a primary treatment (1 °) system of a municipal sewage/ wastewater treatment plant, the main goal is to remove ammonium (NH4+) using specific bacterial enrichment cultures.
11. The small intestine in human is the main site of microbial breakdown of partially digested food.
12. Root nodules of legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
13. Anoxygenic photosynthesis involves using/ removing electrons from H2O.
14. Algae and Cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light- reaction of photosynthesis.
15. In bacteria, the only known reason proton motive force is generated is to power ATP synthase in cellular respiration/ oxidative phosphorylation.
16. Anaerobic respiration is only carried out by prokaryotes, however fermentation can be carried out by both prokaryote and eukaryal microorganism.

17. The general structure and biochemical “motors” of flagella are similar between Bacteria and eukaryotic cells, but fundamentally different in the Archaea.
18. Antibiotic resistance genes appeared in microbes (for the first time ever) only after human .. producing and releasing massive amounts of antibiotics to the environment.
19. Experiment by Esther Lederberg, and then later by Luria and Delbruck (that won them a Nobel prize), illustrated that genetic mutations in bacteria arose in the absence of selective pressures, rather than in response to selection.
20. Quaternary sensing is a mechanism used by bacteria to sense other bacteria and regulate gene expression accordingly (e.g. In the case of expressing the liac operon or initiating EPS production in biofilms).