[Biology 1002B] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (153 pages long!)

• School: Western University
• Department: Biology
• Course: Biology 1002B
• Professor: Tom Haffie

Document Summary

Lecture outcomes: meaning of endosymbiosis, cyanobacteria, lateral gene transfer: Endosymbiosis: one organism is taken up by another and now lives inside. Lateral gene transfer: not traditional reproduction, the movement of genes from organelles (ie. chloroplast and mitochondria) to the nucleus origin of endomembrane system, nuclear membrane, er etc. Endomembrane system: composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell (ie. golgi, nuclear membrane, er: anaerobic ancestral bacteria infolding plasma membrane nuclear envelope and er . Er, golgi and nuclear envelope all derived from infolding of the plasma membrane 1 by a. Distinct from how mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts: Chloroplasts and mitochondria derived form process called endosymbiosis. Ancestors were once free cells that got engulfed by ancient bacterium: these cells got engulfed and developed into mitochondria and chloroplasts we know today. Process that led to modern day chloroplast is virtually identical to process that led to modern mitochondria.