Astronomy 1021 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Moon, Zodiac, Volatiles

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Astronomy 1021

MIDTERM EXAM

STUDY GUIDE

Fall 2018

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Lecture1:Introduction

September11

th

,2018

DifferentScalesoftheUniverse

●Star:Asphericalobjectthatgeneratesenergythroughnuclearfusion

○Sunisourcloseststar

○NextclosestisProximaCentauri

○Thousandsofstarsvisibleinthesky

○Lotsofvarieties(ch.1114)

○Starstwinkle

●Planet:Asphericalobjectthatorbitsastar;dominatesitsorbit;reflectslight;rock,ice,gas

○Eightplanetsinoursolarsystem

○Threedefinitions(asof2006)

○Thousandsofexoplanets(ch.10)

●Moon:Anobjectthatorbitsaplanet(alsocalledasatellite)

○“Moon”(capitalized)isourmoonwhereas“moon”(lowercase)isanymoon

○Moonsarealsoknownassatellites

○Naturalvs.artificial

●SolarSystem:Theregionaroundastarthatincludesplanets,moons,othersmallbodies

○“SolarSystem”(capitalized)isourswhereas“solarsystem”(lowercase)isany

○Maycontainmultiplestars

○Mostlikelywillcontainmultipleplanets

○Othersmallbodies

○Sciencefictionprecededwhatweknewaboutexoplanets

■Ex.StarWarsfeaturesdoublestarsonTattooinebeforeweknewthatwasareality

●Galaxy:Verybigcollectionsofstars(andsolarsystems),gas,dust,anddarkmatter

○(Seemoreinch.18)

○Whatweseeisnotallthatmakesupagalaxy

○“Galaxy”(capitalized)isourswhereas“galaxy”(lowercase)isany

○MilkyWayGalaxy(ch.19)

○AndromedaGalaxy(M31)

●Nebula:Hugeinterstellarcloudsofgasanddust;fourmainvarieties

○(Latinfor“cloud)

○Fourmaintypesofnebulae(ch.14)

●Universe:Theentiretyofeverythingweknowof;time,space,andallitscontents

○Thevisibleuniverse

○Wedon’tcurrentlyknowandmightnoteverknowwhatisbeyondthevisibleuniverse

○Wedonotknowifitisfiniteorinfinite

○HubbleDeepFieldImage

■Mostofthe“blobs”aredistantgalaxies

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

●Solarsystems:Containstars,planets,moons

●Galaxies:Containsolarsystems,nebulae

●Universe:Containgalaxies



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Astronomy 1021 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Moon, Zodiac, Volatiles

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