PCL362H1 Study Guide - Warfarin, Exencephaly, Portal Triad
28 Jan 2015
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Document Summary
Applications of toxicology: public health pharmacy, drug development. Toxicology consulting companies: government and regulatory agencies, academic research. Toxicology is a science that looks at the adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems: multidisciplinary. Quantitative toxicology dose-response relationship (as it is the dose that makes the poison: defining a response: mortality, toxicity, pathological changes, etc, demonstrating the relationship between exposure and effect, design: Test organism (not all animals make good human models) Environmental conditions (more on slide 82: normal distribution of dose-response. Measuring potency: ld50 lethal dose, lc50 lethal concentration, td50 toxic dose, species differences in susceptibility, standardization in weight vs. surface area, differences depending on route of administration, slope. Shallow slope = more variation and deviation, easier to reach toxicity: threshold (noael) vs. non-threshold. Biphasic dose-response curve: region of homeostasis (applies mostly to endogenous chemicals) Therapeutic index (ti) = ld50/ed50: margin of safety = ld1/ed99.
