PSYC58H3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - World War Ii, Working Memory, Windows Rt
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC58H3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSYC58: Cognitive Psychology Laboratory Clara Rebello
PSYC58: Lecture 1
• Instructor
o Lorna Garcia-Penton
o lorna.garciapent[email protected]
o Office: SW410M
• There will be a final exam for this course
• Cognition: Mental processes that are involved in perception, attention, memory, language,
problem-solving, creativity, reasoning, thinking and making decisions
o The way that we are conscious and aware about the world
o The basics of our behaviour → It’s ho e odut our behaviour
• Cognitive psychology: Branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of
cognition/mental processes
o Simply Put → The study of thought
• Cognitive processes
o Perception: Organizing, processing, and interpreting of incoming information
▪ Five senses
o Attention: Set of processes through which you focus on incoming information
▪ Ability to attend is flexible → Can constantly shift the focus of your attention
(ex. Cocktail party effect: The pheoeo of the rai’s ailit to fous oe’s
auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other
stimuli, as wen a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room)
▪ Capacity limited
o Working memory: (aka. Short-term memory) Like a short-term buffer that stores and
proesses iforatio that ou’re urretl fousig o
▪ Also capacity limited
o Long-term memory: Information that is stored in your brain for later use
o Memory distortion: Forgetting, misremembering information
o Autobiographical memory: How we remember information about ourselves, our
personal past
o Pattern recognition and concept representation
▪ Eaple: Reogize the ter s-y-l-l-a-b-u-s ad that atiates soe oept i
memory
o Knowledge representation: Mental representations of your stored knowledge
▪ You access them when necessary
o Language: Your implicit knowledge of syntax allows you to comprehend instantly what
akes sese ad hat does’t
▪ Syntax: Word arrangement rules
▪ Semantics: Rules for expressing meaning
o Problem-solving: Involves operating within constraints (ex. Time) and reaching a goal
fro a startig state that’s ohere ear the goal
o Decision-making: The cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course
of action among several alternative possibilities
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
PSYC58: Cognitive Psychology Laboratory Clara Rebello
▪ Set of higher-level processes that work together to allow us to function every
day
• Cognitive psychology is a very complex area of study
o Many different processes interrelated with one another
• Cognitive science: Study of the mind (mental processes) as carried out by many different
disciplines
• Disciplines of cognitive science
o Cognitive psychology
o Research on the mind within the
fields of computer science
o Linguistics
o Neuroscience
o Anthropology
o Artificial intelligence
o Philosophy
• This course will look into the psychology and
neuroscience disciplines in cognitive science
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeoyzqmyWug
o Early 1950s was when cognitive psychology took over American psychology, taking the
spotlight away from behaviourism
• How much are we aware of?
• Philosophical roots of cognitive psychology
o Socrates was interested in the origins of knowledge
o Aristotle was interested in the origins of knowledge and memory
▪ Proposed first theory of memory
o Descartes was interested in how knowledge is represented mentally
• First cognitive psychology experiment conducted in 1868 by Franciscus Donders (1818-1889), a
Dutch physiologist
o Studied mental chronometry: Time-course of cognitive processes
o Measured reaction time: Tie etee presetatio of stiulus ad perso’s respose
to that stimulus
▪ Simple reaction time: Push one button when stimulus detected
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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