PSYC14H3 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Wheat, Rice, Pathogen
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC14H3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
-Bacteria culture!
-Called a culture because these bacteria exist in a predictive
pattern
-Coined the term culture when he said cultura animi – notion that
person can become highest of human achievement and cultivate
that within themselves
-We still use it in this sense – we call people who love fine music,
fine wine, art, etc. cultured
-All around you and you don’t have a specific definition for it
-Culture happens to us and we don’t have a choice, it’s just there
and we’re not aware of it (3rd paragraph)
-Culture is the answer, symbolism – the things we do that we
don’t know why we do it, our parents did it and we just do it
-No
-To the extent to culture happens to us, it’s not even close – they
don’t have it the way we do
-Initial thinking was that animals are so different from humans that
they can’t have it but they do have it
-Bird – using stick as tool to pry insect to eat it – skill gets passed
down and you have isolated effects on group of organisms
-Video
-Chimps use leaves for water and then one started using moss to
get more water and over time, others started doing that too
-Cultural transmission – way animals share information and
knowledge
-Other cases too but human intervention involved, none in this
one
-Studied how chimps communicate – 66 gestures
-Chimps capable of cultural learning bc shown in captivity too
-Matter of degree, not kind -- they don’t have same kind of culture
but they have it to lesser degree
-Humans so special because equipped for culture and social
learning
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-We’re cultural species
-Used to think that success as species was because we
developed frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex – larger than other
species, big brain hypothesis is the human part of the brain for
executive functioning
-Not about our big brains that give us success – we are equipped
through millions of years of evolution to learn and acquire cultural
information!
-Joe Heinrich
-Western white settlers came to new land that was unfamiliar to
them
-Burke and Wills from Australia; took men to explore Eastern
Australia; used camels as transportation and equipment carriers;
weeks expedition; camels started to get sick and die so they’re
screwed now; eventually reached top and had to go back down
-Midway point of return expedition – trip went awry, men dying
-Had to try to learn to survive off land and they failed but at same
time, aboriginals live in the interior of Australia nearby
-If it was that we were smart bc of big brains, we should’ve found
a way to survive in this place but they could not do so, not that
smart
-Survived bc of cultural acquisition and bc culture happens to us
as humans – e.g. they found seed and tried to make it food but if
not done right, it leads to chemical rxn; they didn’t know this so
they just ate it and died; if someone found it long ago, they would
have found a way to use it and taught their kids to use it properly
and cook it and these settlers didn’t know
-our raw intelligence isn’t that impressive
-Battery of tests to assess intelligence
-Kids humans and adults chimps
-Space, causality, quantities – kids do worse than orangutans and
chimps; when raw intelligence, other apes are smarter than us
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Called a culture because these bacteria exist in a predictive pattern. Coined the term culture when he said cultura animi notion that person can become highest of human achievement and cultivate that within themselves. We still use it in this sense we call people who love ne music, All around you and you don"t have a speci c de nition for it. Culture happens to us and we don"t have a choice, it"s just there and we"re not aware of it (3rd paragraph) Culture is the answer, symbolism the things we do that we don"t know why we do it, our parents did it and we just do it. To the extent to culture happens to us, it"s not even close they don"t have it the way we do. Initial thinking was that animals are so different from humans that they can"t have it but they do have it.
