BIOA02H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Red Blood Cell, Trachea, Cell Membrane

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA02H3
• Professor: Stephen Reid

Document Summary

Breathing is generated in respiratory control enters in the brainstem (medulla and spinal cord) In mammals, motor output travels via the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm. Respiratory control systems include: central chemoreceptors, oxygen chemoreceptors, stretch lung receptors, irritant receptors and positional receptors. Pre- br tzinger complex - site of respiratory rhythm generation. Pontine respiratory group (prg) - terminate inspiration. Dorsal respiratory group (drg) - site of rst cns synapse for a number of peripheral control system inputs. Ventral respiratory group (vrg) - important integrative centre. Higher brain centres are not critical for breathing. The connection between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem is called the corticospinal tract. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when muscles surrounding the airway become relaxed during sleep- relaxed muscle cause the trachea to collapse on itself. Arterial oxygen chemoreceptors are located in the carotid body cells within the carotid body that sense oxygen are glomus (type i) cells carotid body is enervated by carotid sinus nerve (csn)