PSY355H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nonsense Mutation, Silent Mutation, Mutation
Document Summary
Somatic mutations: mutations that occur after birth in an organ and are not passed on to offspring. Germ-line mutations: mutations that occur in the reproductive cells and can be passed on to offspring. Mutations are changes in the dna sequence, mutations may be large or small scale. Large scale mutations include gain or loss of chromosomal regions or the switching of parts of a chromosome from one chromosome to another, so called translocations. Small scale mutations may be nucleotide base changes so called substitutions or deletions or insertions. There are different types of single based mutations which may occur in coding regions. These include: missense mutations, silent mutations, nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations. Mutations in non coding regions of a gene, such as the promoter region or introns, may effect the expression of a gene resulting in production of more or less protein. Mutations in intron-exon boundaries may lead to differently spliced mrnas.
