ANT317H5 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - North America, Before Present, South America
ANT317H5
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
ANT317 Topic 2
Palaeo Period
Maximum Glaciation ca 18,000
- people came to NA on Beringia from Siberia (Dyuktai)
- moving through to Meadowcroft site (18,000?), and Mexico, Panama, and northern Chile
(Monte Verde, 14,000)
- North & South America
o Meadowcroft 18,000 BP?
o Monte Verde, 12,000BC – found beam-like structure
Pre-contact Chronology of Southern Ontario
-
Pre-Clovis in Eastern North America
- Meadowcroft Rock Shelter, Pa. 18,000 BP?
- Sheguiandah, Manitoulin Island?
Palaeo-Indian
- 10,000-8,000 BC
- Early – 10-9,000 BC
o Distinguished by fluted points
▪ A flute is a long, narrow flake (e.g. a blade) that is removed from one or
both sides of a projectile point, with the point of percussion at the base
▪ Clovis & folsom
• Clovis flute channel goes halfway
o More widespread
• Folsom flute channel goes nearly to the end
- Late – 9-8,000 BC
Glacial Retreat ca 12,000 BP
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Early Paleo-Indian in Ontario
- Fluted points had stylistic differences
- Gainey
o 8,900 BC
- Barnes
o 8,700 BC
- Crowfield
o 8,500 BC
o Removed several flakes from both sides
o Likely caribou were hunted for meat and hides, scrappers were fluted to remove
fat from hides
o Used fluted drills
- Gainey, Barnes, and Crowfield are distributed all over North America
The purpose of archaeology is to explain human beings in the past
Archaeological Theory in Ontario
- Pre1940s – majorly concerned with founding a discipline
- 1940 – Culture history
o what stuff is
o Recording where something came from (down to the mm) to understand
association
o Trying to understand when
- 1960 – processual
o Binford claimed that caring only about what and where was not enough
▪ Claimed previous archaeology was not scientific
▪ Focused on material record as a base to elaborate other meanings – diets,
ideational ideas
▪ Focused on economics
- 1980 – post-processual
- 2018
Early Palaeo in Ontario
- Gainey
- Barnes
- Crowfield
Economic
- Seasonally scheduled big-game hunting
o Density of humans on landscape was extremely spread out
o People were highly mobile, they have direction, not tied to one place
o Clearly hunting caribou bones but it does not survive in record well
▪ Used meat, hide, bone tools
- fishing
o Fish have regular yearly schedules
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Gainey, barnes, and crowfield are distributed all over north america. Midterm test oct23 20: in class, 45min, topics 1-6 focus heavier on lectures, short answer word or phrase in a list and have 3 points. Assigned readings will be provided on quercus. Several readings are from the archaeology of southern ontario to ad 1650 (cj elis & People came to na on beringia from siberia (dyuktai) ), and mexico, panama, and northern chile (monte verde, 14,000) North & south america: meadowcroft 18,000 bp, monte verde, 12,000bc found beam-like structure. Crowfield: 8,500 bc, removed several flakes from both sides, likely caribou were hunted for meat and hides, scrappers were fluted to remove fat from hides, used fluted drills. Pleistocene (ice ages): before 12kya *kya=thousands of years ago. Climate history 11,000 bp ice starts to retreat, and people moved into that area. Taiga was like the tundra but in a warmer place had cool temperate + caribous.
