ANT314H5 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Grahame Clark, Space Foundation, Prehistoric Archaeology
Document Summary
Archaeology: the study of material evidence of past human activities for purposes of explanation. Ontology: the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, and reality as well as the basic categories of being and their relations (i. e. , how the world works) Epistemology: a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge validation of knowledge claim (i. e. , how we know, and how we know we know) Inference: reasoning from known to unknown (observed (given) assumption (if) product (then)) Paradigm: an ideology based on ontology affecting epistemology, and determining inference (theoretical framework, a school of thought, an approach) Archaeological paradigms: materialistic vs. ideational, etic" (outsider"s view) vs. emic" (insider"s view, particularist vs. generalist, historical interpretation vs. search for law-like" generalizations. Scientific archaeology: foundation, antiquity ad 1500. Speculative age" schemes (i. e. , stone, bronze, iron: renaissance 1500s and 1600s. Mercati: first to publish that artifacts are evidence, used in absence of written records: enlightenment 1700s and 1800s.
