PHA 4107 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Cell Surface Receptor, Skeletal Muscle, Neurotransmitter
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PHA 4107
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Principles of Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution of
Drugs
Factors Influencing Drug Responses
Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Study of the factors determining the
amount of drug at the receptor site
Study of the mechanisms by which drugs
produce their biological effects
What the body does to the drug
What the drug does to the body
Absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion (ADME)
Drug receptor interactions
Does- Concentration relationship
Does- Response relationship
Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmakon (greek for drug/poison) + kinesis (motion)
o A drug movement throughout the
body
o Determines ability of drug to act and
duration of action
• Knowledge of pharmacokinetics helps choose
most effective route, dosage and schedule
and permits prediction of changes in
concentration of a drug with time
Pharmacokinetics- Absorption
• Absorption:
o Movement of drug from site of administration into blood
o Generally this involves crossing a biological membrane
o Critical determinant of how rapidly effects of a drug will be seen
• Dependent upon:
o Chemical and physical (i.e. size) properties of the drug
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▪ Larger drugs (i.e. tissue plasminogen activators, Alteplase)
have difficulty crossing membranes
o Surface area for penetration
▪ Greater surface area means a greater chance for absorption
o Route of Administration
o pH at site of absorption
Movement across cell membranes
• Membrane function as a barrier to the free movement of drug into
(and out of) the bloodstream
• Ability to cross membrane determine where and how long a drug will
be present in the body
Membrane Structure
The cell membrane consists primarily
of a double layer of phospholipid
molecules. The larger globular
structures represent protein molecules
imbedded in the lipid layer
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Study of the factors determining the amount of drug at the receptor site. Study of the mechanisms by which drugs produce their biological effects. Movement across cell membranes: membrane function as a barrier to the free movement of drug into (and out of) the bloodstream, ability to cross membrane determine where and how long a drug will be present in the body. The cell membrane consists primarily of a double layer of phospholipid molecules. The larger globular structures represent protein molecules imbedded in the lipid layer. Passage of drugs across membranes: 3 ways to cross a membrane, channel and pores, transport systems, penetration of the membrane. Transport systems: large protein-mediated movement of drugs across a membrane, structure-specific/selective, most drugs absorbed via transport share similarity with endogenous compounds i. e. vitamins. In some cases, no expenditure of energy is necessary and a drug moves with a concentration gradient (passive transport)
