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BIOL 112 Study Guide - Final Guide: Atp Synthase, Thylakoid, Mitochondrial Matrix

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School
UBC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 112
Professor
Karen Smith

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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

The process of breaking down organic molecules and releasing energy that can be used to do the work of the cell. In bacteria, since there is no mitochondria, the electron transport chain takes place in the bacterial plasma membrane. A glucose molecule is broken down in to two molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvates are transferred from the cytoplasm of the cell, through the intermembrane space and into the mitochondrial matrix. This process turns pyruvate in to acetyl coa, producing: High energy bonds of acetyl coa are donated to the electron carriers. This takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and yields: The electron carriers provide electrons that are pumped along channel proteins across the intermembrane of the mitochondria. Electrons enter through complex i or ii and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Protons accumulate in the intermembrane space, producing a concentration gradient that provides potential energy for atp.

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Related Questions

1.) Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following BEST describes the movement of protons in this situation?

a.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

b.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

c.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the matrix

d.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to the inter membrane space

2.) Which regulatory mechanism is activated when the overall energy availability of a cell is high?

a.) Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

b.) ADP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

c.) ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

d.) AMP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

3.) Electron carriers are oxidized during which of the following reactions?

a.) glycolysis

b.) citric acid cycle

c.) electron transport chain

d.) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA

e.) all of the above

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose monomer and dimers. Glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is broken down to CO2 and in the process produces NADH & FADH2, which is utilized in the generation of ATP via the electron transport chain. Why does the cell go through this elaborate pathway to convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and in the process generate ATP? Why not use a simpler and shorter mechanism to breakdown glucose?

1.

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

2.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

3.

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

4.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

5.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H+ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H+ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

6.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

7.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

8.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

9.

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.