BIOL 112 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ethanol Fermentation, Plastocyanin, Atp Synthase
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Fermentation extracts energy from glucose in absence of oxygen. = in absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be broken down by fermentation, which doesn"t rely on oxygen. = in presence of oxygen, nad+ is regenerated when nadh donates its electrons to. In absence of oxygen, nadh is oxydized to nad+ when pyruvate is reduced. = in lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation, nadh and nad+ do not appear in overall chemical equations because there"s not net loss or gain. Nad+ that are reduced during glycolysis are oxidized when lactic acid or ethanol is formed. = breakdown of 1 glucose by fermentation yields only 2 atp because lactic acid and ethanol (end products) still have large amount of chemical energy in their bonds and are not fully oxidized). Electrons used to reduce co2 come from oxidation of other molecules. The ultimate electron donor is water (which results in production of electrons, protons and o2).