BIOL165 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pseudopodia, Cryptomonad, Oomycete
6 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Phylogeny: pictoral depiction of a particular phylogenetic sequence of an evolutionary history. Phylogenesis: the evolutionary process of cladogenesis (splitting of lineages) and anagenesis (evolution of lineages between branching points) Clade: a group of organisms hypothesized to have evolved from a common ancestor. Synapomorphy: shared derived character (can define specific groups of organisms) Plesiomorphy: primitive character (things a whole group of organisms shares) Ex. vertebrae is a plesiomorphy within the vertebrates. Cladistics: system of arranging taxa by analysis of evolutionarily derived characteristics so that the arrangement will reflect phylogenetic relationships. Cladogram: branching diagram (not a phylogeny!) showing the pattern of evolutionarily derived characters among species. Parsimony: rule in cladistics studies stating the solution with the fewest number of steps should be searched. Heuristic searches: short cut to find an optimal tree even if it might not be the best . Exhaustive searches: examine all possible trees to find the best one (rarely done)
